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In this paper we introduce an extension of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) called the Load-dependent Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (LDVRPTW). This problem differs from the classical VRP and VRPTW on the transportation costs, which are calculated not only on the travel distance, but also the loads on the arcs. We propose a metaheuristic to address this...
We present a control strategy for localization and attenuation of disturbances in transportation systems. Sudden and large disturbances in a transportation network can lead to the creation and propagation of shock waves which spread throughout the system causing jams and decreasing system throughput. By considering the Cell Transmission Model of traffic flow, we design a minimum-energy controller...
Electric Vehicles (EVs), though appealing for an increasing number of users, suffer from known limitations of battery energy storage. We analyze a rentable plug-in Range Extender (RE) concept as a viable way to increase the EV range only when really needed, avoiding its encumbrance in normal urban usage. This concept leads to the formulation of an original energy management problem: in addition to...
The main reason of hybrid vehicle fuel saving is superior to the ordinary vehicles is through motor support to optimize the operation of the engine, in order to achieve the purpose of the fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The traditional optimization method that the baseline is optimization of engine operating point, line, and optimize the operating range to make the engine run in optimal working...
Predictive operational strategies enable fuel savings by optimizing the powertrain operation of a vehicle taking lookahead data like velocity limits and slopes of the planned route into account. Gear changes, free-wheeling, speed and operational modes are optimized along that route to achieve minimal fuel consumption. However, these optimizations assume complete information on the route properties...
Optimizing the velocity of a vehicle over a known future route can reduce fuel consumption. This article studies the potential fuel-savings of such systems for conventional vehicles, employing an internal combustion engine, and its application to electric vehicles. A main drawback of many optimization algorithms is their computational complexity, which prevents them from being used in real-time applications...
Energy efficiency has become a major issue in trade, transportation and environment protection. While the next generation of zero emission propulsion systems still have difficulties in reaching similar travel distances as combustion engine propulsion systems, it is already possible to increase fuel efficiency in regular vehicles by applying a more fuel efficient driving behaviour. An adapted Dynamic...
In the study, we investigated the hybrid systems to reduce the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell systems. We used super capacitors as auxiliary power source for hybridization. We set four different configurations using super capacitors and DC/DC converters. We performed the tests on İstanbul University hydrogen powered vehicle. We extracted the energy and hydrogen consumptions of fuel cell for each...
This paper presents the development of a model of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with heterogenous vehicle fleet size and mix vehicle routing (HFSMVR). The solution is built using a heuristic approach, namely sequential insertion and 1-0 relocation improvement. The model considers aspects of multiple trips, multiple products and compartments, split delivery, and multiple time windows. The model is...
This article refers to a study on the behavior of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle when you add oxyhydrogen (HHO) as a supplementary fuel, produced from a modified alkaline type electrolyzer, called HHO generator. The first stage consists of a theoretical and experimental analysis of what happens in the internal combustion engine by adding the oxyhydrogen. As a result of this first stage...
This study evaluates the costs and benefits associated with the use of a stationary-wireless- power-transfer-enabled plug-in hybrid electric bus and determines the cost effectiveness relative to a conventional bus and a hybrid electric bus. A sensitivity sweep was performed over many different battery sizes, charging power levels, and number/location of bus stop charging stations. The net present...
This paper focuses on an analysis of attainable fuel savings of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) compared to a vehicle of the same type powered by a conventional internal combustion engine. In PHEV the fuel savings can be achieved by using an optimal control strategy of the torque split factor. In this paper, the optimal control strategy is computed using dynamic programming for which the...
Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) systems have been shown to be able to reduce both CO2 emissions and fuel consumption by giving drivers speed recommendations when approaching a traffic light. For the system to reach its maximum potential, is is necessary to properly predict all different types of traffic lights, that is, also adaptive traffic lights where signals may change with lead times...
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) presents the new trend of clean energy vehicle development due to their advantage of all electric driving, allowable external charging, lower emissions, and lower petroleum fuel consumption, comparing to the maturing HEV. Applications of advanced plug-in hybrid powertrain system technology to different type of vehicles lead to the need to identify the key characteristics...
This article proposes a strategy which works on the fuel consumption / pollutant compromise with a gasoline Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). First, a pollutant-constrained optimal energy management is derived from the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP). Using only one parameter and considering standardized pollutant emissions, this approach is validated on a high-fidelity HEV model. Then, an online...
In cities where the number of vehicles continuously increases faster than the available infrastructure, traffic congestion is a difficult issue to deal with. This problem becomes even worse in case of accidents that affects many aspects of the modern society, including economic development and CO 2 emission. Several solutions for Intelligent Transportation Systems have been proposed to identify congestions...
Electric vehicles have recently received attention due to the environmental and financial implication. However, they are still not popular because of their inconvenience, limited battery capacities and long recharge times. In order to grow popular of electric vehicles, several studies in the field of optimization have been engaged. One of the studies is routing problem for energy-optimized driving...
This study estimates the range of fuel and emissions impacts of an automated-vehicle (AV)-based transit system that services campus-based developments, termed an automated mobility district (AMD). The study develops a framework to quantify the fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of a transit system comprised of AVs, taking into consideration average vehicle fleet composition,...
As Automotive industry is growing very fast and estimation of fuel level and its indication is very much required to make aware the vehicle owner about the distance it can cover. Thus the requirement of fuel level management system and associated algorithms becomes more prominent. The system have to be robust, effective and durable. So as to provide the exact calibrated value to the owner, and will...
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