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Future low carbon generation scenario would see an enhanced grid penetration of green generation sources like wind and solar, thus replacing the traditional generators. This may lead to sudden imbalances between generation and load, leading to drop in system frequency. The low inherent inertia and primary frequency response (PFR) capability of these non-synchronous generators would result in large...
In this paper, we consider a distributed load control problem for achieving supply-demand balance and frequency regulation in a power system. While most of the distributed load control schemes require the loads to exchange information through two-way communications, recent results have shown that it is possible to achieve fully distributed control by frequency-based imbalance estimation. However,...
This paper proposes scheduling of induction generators on a DC microgrid system fed by multiple cage-rotor induction generators (CRIGs) to attain regulated voltage with minimal battery support. The capacity of each generator is selected such that next bigger generation unit is double that of previous i.e. the ratio 1∶2∶4∶8‥, which provides easy control of load-generation matching, duly supported by...
In conventional power systems, load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC) is done using PI controllers implemented in steam turbine generator systems. In the PI controller, the proportional part represents droop of the governor and integral part restores frequency to nominal value by changing load reference set point of the turbine valve. In an isolated micro-grid electronically...
This paper investigates cyber-attacks compromising the data integrity of inverter-based islanded microgrids featuring an energy storage system (ESS), a wind turbine generator (WTG), a photovoltaic system (PV) and controllable loads. The ESS operates as the isochronous generator, responsible for forming the microgrid voltage and frequency, whereas the WTG and PV distributed energy resources (DER) operate...
The objective of this paper is to improve the frequency regulation of an islanded microgrid system consisting of non-battery-backed photovoltaic (PV) systems. Operating the PV system in limited power point tracking (LPPT) mode gives provision for the application of droop control on the PV system active power, which in turn enhances the frequency regulation of the microgrid. The LPPT is a control technique...
Power demand of isolated communities or islands primarily relies on heavy oil based diesel generator systems where these fossil fuel based power generators are not only costly but also create adverse effect on the environment. Photovoltaic generator system (PV system), wind energy conversion system (WECS) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are clean sources of alternative energy. These energy...
PI controller forms the conventional way of controlling voltage and frequency of a micro-grid. Model predictive controller (MPC) is an alternative and effective approach for micro-grid frequency and voltage control as it predicts the future outputs from the present information of the system and generates the optimized controlled input signal at every sampling instant accordingly. However as the future...
This paper used plug-in electric vehicle (EVs) for frequency control in an isolated small smart power system, the main power source of this small system is a diesel generator, in additionally, a photovoltaic (PV) renewable source is considered. Model predictive control method (MPC) is used as a robust area controller to solve the problems of load change and system uncertainties. A smart vehicles-to-grid...
In this research, ant colony algorithm for proportional plus integral (PI) optimal tuning to design load frequency controllers is introduced. A mathematical model of a network with DFIG based wind turbine in two area frequency control is developed. Time domain simulations of the various interconnected power system areas subjected to major disturbances are investigated. A method to enhance the system...
We design decentralized frequency control of multi-area power systems that will re-balance power and drive frequencies to their nominal values after a disturbance. Both generators and controllable loads are utilized to achieve frequency stability while minimizing regulation cost. In contrast to recent results, the design is completely decentralized and does not require communication between areas...
Traditionally the electricity generation is based on rotating synchronous machines which provide inertia to the power system. The increasing share of converter connected energy sources reduces the available rotational inertia in the power system leading to faster frequency dynamics, which may cause more critical frequency excursions. Both, virtual inertia and fast primary control could serve as a...
In order to meet the energy demand and at the same time to achieve sustainable development objectives on a global scale, the Danish government has set a long-term strategy of fossil fuel free country by the year 2050. However, the decline of conventional power generation units and a rising amount of converter interfaced components (wind turbine, HVDC, and Photovoltaic) may have negative effects on...
Electricity markets of many countries, which are in developing phase, are facing problems like frequency fluctuations, generation deficiency and their performance is very sensitive to small disturbances. Operation of such power system is a challenging task and innovative strategies are required to get rid of these problems. Power utilities of India have introduced new tariff mechanism, Availability...
This paper presents the sliding reinforced competitive learning (SR-CL) algorithm for power quality improvement and its implementation for voltage and frequency regulation of diesel engine driven standalone single phase self excited induction generator (SEIG) using digital signal processor (DSP) and a two leg voltage source converter (VSC) bridge. The proposed control algorithm iterates continuously...
This paper deals with a standalone microgrid system using a generalized filter based control technique for VF (Voltage and Frequency) control and improving power quality. This microgrid system consists of a SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) array, diesel driven self-excited induction generator (SEIG) and a storage system (Lead-Acid Battery). This control approach is used for generating the reference source...
It is now well established that renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed generation system (DGs) are there to play major role to meet out the electrical energy needs of the world. The RESs are being utilized for electrical power generation at small levels by way of forming microgrid (MG). But because of the uncertainties involved due to unpredictable weather conditions, the power generated...
For more than 30 years, Lebanon has suffered from insufficient electric production. While the world is shifting towards total dependency on renewable energy, Lebanon is still facing the disastrous situation in its electricity sector. This paper suggests a plan of building diesel power plants and engaging them to the public grid. To achieve this, a supervisory control method (SCM) including a frequency...
Communication networks are increasingly applied in smart grid for information exchange and optimal operation. This paper presents an optimal active power control strategy for islanded microgrid in the presence of communication delays. The control strategies are fully distributed. The impact of the diverse communication delays and the effectiveness of the algorithm are analyzed by using the Generalized...
The paper presents a novel linear continuous magnetic gear generator for direct-drive wave energy conversion in which continuous gear ratio is suitable for different sea conditions. In this paper, the operating principle of the proposed machine is introduced, and the no-load and load characteristics are analyzed by finite element method (FEM). The proposed generator with continuous ratios varies operation...
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