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Physical telerehabilitation services over the Internet allow physiotherapists to engage in remote consultation with patients at their homes, improving the quality of care and reducing costs. Traditional visual approaches, such as webcams and videophones, are limited in terms of precision of assessment and support for assistance with exercises. In this paper, we present a Physical Telerehabilitation...
The rising complexity of embedded control systems and their increasing application to automate safety-critical or mission-critical tasks present a challenge for established development methodologies and tools. Are they able to handle the growing system complexity without compromising either system efficiency or its correctness? This challenge is addressed by the "correctness by construction"...
The paper reports on contributions and limitations towards the long-term deployment of in-water sensors, on commercial tidal stream turbines, for monitoring of turbine condition and performance. It is recognised that specific site and ever time varying flow conditions pose monitoring challenges. For all turbine and/or blade deteriorations, fault diagnosis and prognostics are vital elements to secure...
Traditional lighting is focused on the prevention of hardware failures. With the trend towards controlled and connected systems, other components will start playing an equal role in the reliability of it. Here reliability need to be replaced by availability and other modelling approaches are to be taken into account. System prognostics and health management is the next step to service the connected...
One of the important trends which is supposed to have more attention in the system of cognitive radio is wireless security models. Security requirements for CRNs are the same as the general wireless networks, taking into consideration that the frequency band changes dynamically adding a specific feature when we deal with security of CRNs. A new category of security issues and challenges have been...
We propose an audio-visual fusion algorithm for 3D speaker tracking from a localised multi-modal sensor platform composed of a camera and a small microphone array. After extracting audio-visual cues from individual modalities we fuse them adaptively using their reliability in a particle filter framework. The reliability of the audio signal is measured based on the maximum Global Coherence Field (GCF)...
The increasing level of integration in electronic devices requires high density package substrates with good electrical and thermal performance, and high reliability. Organic laminate substrates have been serving these requirements with their continuous improvements in terms of the material characteristics and fabrication process to realize multi-layer fine pattern interconnects and small form factor...
Cloud computing and, in particular, cloud storage, has successfully boosted a variety of applications, in several domains; with proven acceptance and benefits by end users. While peculiar features of the cloud, e.g., redundancy, scalability and accessibility, are still highly desirable, several new scenarios are nowadays emerging, which call for additional features and/or different interpretations...
In this paper, adaptive non-uniform compressive sampling (ANCS) of time-varying signals, which are sparse in a proper basis, is introduced. ANCS employs the measurements of previous time steps to distribute the sensing energy among coefficients more intelligently. To this aim, a Bayesian inference method is proposed that does not require any prior knowledge of importance levels of coefficients or...
While technology scaling enables increased density for memory cells, the intrinsic high leakage power of CMOS technology and the demand for reduced energy consumption inspires the use of emerging technology alternatives as Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) including STT-MRAM, PCM, and RRAM. However, their narrow resistive sensing margins exacerbate the impact of Process Variations (PV) in high-density NVM...
When the use of wireless sensors network is becoming increasingly wider and deeper, its problems are also beginning to highlight. Due to the limit of wireless sensors' energy supply and the unstable channel, ensuring the reliability and speed of the transmission has become the research hot spot. With multipath or retransmission transmission mechanism, the redundancy of data transmission can be ensured...
A two-transistor antifuse OTP memory macro using permanent MOS-gate-oxide breakdown as a programming scheme is fabricated and characterized. The antifuse OTP bitcell is composed of an NMOS as antifuse element and as a select transistor. Characterization shows that this solution is a viable technology option for modern OTP and electrical fuse applications.
High floating-gate (FG) to FG coupling and lithography limitations have been preventing 2D-NAND flash from further reduction in die size, (e.g., there is no ISSCC paper discussing a 3b/cell 2D-NAND after 2013 [1,2]). Alternatively, since high-density multi-stacked 3D-flash was first introduced as BiCS flash [3], recent dramatic innovations in 3D-flash technologies are rapidly boosting bit density...
In order to relieve reliability problem caused by technology scaling, LDPC codes have been widely applied in flash memories to provide high error correction capability. However, LDPC read performance slowdown along with data retention largely weakens the access speed advantage of flash memories. This paper considers to apply the concept of refresh, that were used for flash lifetime improvement, to...
This paper proposes to improve read performance of LDPC based flash memory by exploiting process variation (PV). The work includes three parts. First, a block grouping approach is proposed to classify the flash blocks based on their reliability. Second, based on the grouping approach, a read data placement scheme is proposed, which is designed to place read-hot data on flash blocks with high reliability...
Now a days wireless sensors are attracting strong interest for different monitoring and controlling applications as they are integrated with the function of sensing, processing and wireless communication. The wireless sensor networks have been deployed for agricultural, industrial, remote monitoring and traffic management purposes. As energy shortage is a worldwide problem so that more attention has...
With recent widespread usage of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., various mobile devices), environmental sensing is getting popular. The sensors used for sensing are small and due to the mobility they become more error-prone, which results in data corruption or loss from sensor. Therefore, cleaning of the sensed data is of high importance to recover the lost or corrupted data. In this paper, we propose...
In cognitive radio, the secondary user (SU) can only utilize the spectrum hole with assurance of sufficient protection to the licenced primary user (PU). In this paper, a reliable spectrum sensing scheme based on eigenvalue of sample covariance matrix of received signal is proposed. The conventional energy-based detection method is highly vulnerable under noise uncertainty and eigenvalue-based method...
Flash memory development through technology scaling and bit density has significant impact on the reliability of flash cells. Hence strong error correction code (ECC) schemes are highly recommended. With a strong error correction capability, low-density-parity code (LDPC) is now applied for the state-of-the-art flash memory. However, LDPC has long decoding latency when the raw bit error rates (RBER)...
In this paper, we propose the underwater localization scheme for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) docking through the received signal strength (RSS) of electromagnetic (EM) waves sensors. By using the advantages of EM waves characteristics in water, this sensor can not only measure the distance with low environmental noise, but also guarantee precise localization performance with high sampling rates...
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