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The ability to detect the presence of radioactive sources and Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) is of extreme importance for homeland security efforts. Today, we face terrorist threats in the form of explosive nuclear devices and Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDDs). The ability to remotely locate and identify the materials used to create these devices is imperative in the interdiction of terrorist threats...
The possibility was studied of using highly efficient heavy inorganic oxide solid-state scintillation detectors for the detection of mixed gamma-neutron radiation. In the detection of gamma-neutron radiation, the gamma detection efficiency for such detectors reaches 70–80%, with neutron detection efficiency not less than 40%. Detection efficiencies were measured for the heavy oxide scintillator crystals...
The LHCb detectors will be upgraded during the next LHC shutdown in 2018/19. The tracker system will undergo major changes. Its components will be replaced by new technologies in order to cope with the increased hit occupancy and the higher radiation dose.
The use of (He-3, BF-3) gas-based thermal neutron detector systems is limited by the cost, size, weight, and power requirements for many of the emerging applications. Therefore, the development of low-cost large-area solid-state neutron detectors for a wide range of civilian and defense applications is desirable. Solar cell type solid-state neutron detector using highly matured silicon technology...
Most clinical methods of imaging the brain rely on imaging the anatomic and functional changes accompanying disease in brain tissue. This approach, although successful, has two limitations: first, the abnormality of interest must be large enough to be imaged using existing technologies, and second, confirmation of the abnormality usually requires a biopsy. To overcome limitations, we describe here...
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Neutron Sciences Directorate (NScD) has recently installed a neutron imaging beamline at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) cold guide hall. The CG-1D beamline supports a broad range of user research spanning from engineering to material research, energy storage, additive manufacturing, vehicle technologies, archaeology, biology, and plant physiology. The beamline...
The present paper aims to present the final design and results of the FADC Mezzanine for EXOGAM and NEDA detectors, focusing on the resolution performance. Finally, the conclusion shows how a common digitizing device has been integrated in an experimental environment involving low-noise and fast sampling rates. Not only the integration fulfilled the expected specifications on both systems, but also,...
This paper presents the design of the NEDA front-end electronics, a first attempt to involve the use of digital electronics in large neutron detector arrays. Among the electronic modules taking part, we emphasize on the front-end analog processing, the digitalization, digital pre-processing, communications firmware, as well as the integration of the Global Trigger and Synchronization system. The NEDA...
Our group at Livermore Lab specializes in nuclear materials measurements and assessments. We have built detectors that we have taken from breadboard to fieldable. We have even commercialized some detectors for rugged non-expert use, such as the Fission Meter - a thermal neutron multiplicity counter and the Detective - a mechanically-cooled germanium spectrometer. We are currently developing instrumentation...
In the framework of the ITER Control Breakdown Structure (CBS), Plant System Instrumentation & Control (I&C) defines the hardware and software required to control one or more plant systems [1]. For diagnostics, most of the complex Plant System I&C are to be delivered by ITER Domestic Agencies (DAs). As an example for the DAs, ITER Organization (IO) has developed several use cases for diagnostics...
Modern space electronics used in satellites are vulnerable to performance degradations and even system failure due to exposure to highly energized charged particles, such as electrons and protons originating from solar particle events, galactic cosmic rays, and trapped particles in the Van Allen Belts. The compact, radiation hard, detector system reported here distinguishes between electron events...
A quasi-monoenergetic neutron field generated in the 7Li(p,n) reaction consists of a high-energy monoenergetic peak and a continuum to the low-energy region. The continuum is a background for the response measurements of neutron detectors for the high-energy-peak neutrons and the effect of the continuum should be properly considered. A spectral fluence of the continuum is typically measured by time-of-flight...
This work focuses on the evaluation of different Coplanar Grid gamma detector and detection systems concepts for the use in stationary environmental radiation monitoring and mobile radiation surveillance. The detector systems are designed with two temperature stabilized Coplanar Grid (Cd,Zn)Te detectors of different volumes together with a custom digital Multi Channel Analyzer. The research presented...
The ATLAS Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a set of two sampling calorimeter modules symmetrically located at 140m from the ATLAS interaction point. The ZDC covers a pseudorapidity range of |η| < 8.3 and it is both longitudinally and transversely segmented, thus providing energy and position information of the incident particles. The ZDC is installed between the...
Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) neutron generators have seen increasing use as high energy neutron sources tor active, nondestructive assay in arms control, treaty verification, and nuclear and homeland security applications. The D-T reaction produces a 3.5 MeV alpha and a 14.1 MeV neutron that travel in opposite directions, which facilitates transmission and stimulated fission tomography to reconstruct images...
Semiconductor neutron detectors (SCND) devices have undergone dramatic improvements over the last ten years, with reported single detector thermal intrinsic efficiencies approaching 30%. The proposed spectrometer design consists of several alternating layers of SCND's and neutron absorbers/reflectors. A 3-D array of SCND's is embedded into a hydrogenous media, creating a single detection layer that...
9Be convertor has been successfully used in photoneutron and x-ray radiography system (PNXR) to achieve material identification by combining X-ray imaging and photoneutron imaging technologies together within one 7 MeV LINAC. The photoneutron convertor, a 2.6 kg 9Be cylinder of 16cm × 7 cm that converts photons to photoneutrons, has the advantages of high neutron yield (1010∼1011 n/s), robustness...
Lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in consumer electronics, have the potential to serve as neutron detectors after a nuclear detonation. Their small size permits collection of many samples for subsequent investigations. Besides a large cross section in the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction, there are multiple possible neutron threshold detector materials in the battery. Inductively coupled plasma mass...
Ce 0.1–20% doped CaF2 crystals were prepared by Tokuyama Corp., and their scintillation and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) responses were systematically studied. In scintillation, Ce 0.1% doped sample exhibited the highest light yield while Ce 20% doped sample showed the strongest OSL intensity. Throughout this work, the complementary relation between scintillation and OSL was experimentally...
It is indispensable to precisely evaluate energy-dependent responses of neutron dosimeters and neutron detectors for radiation protection. The responses of neutron dosimeters are usually evaluated using calibration with monoenergetic neutrons and calculations. However, it is not easy to produce mono-energetic neutrons for the epi-thermal neutron region. In the present study, energy dependent response...
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