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This paper reports a MEMS gyroscope that is driven by the rotating carrier's angular velocity. The structure and fabrication are introduced in the paper. The silicon processing and simulating of the sensing unit are studied. We use coventor ware to simulate structure. And in process, we use spray coating instead of spinning coating. In simulation, the first modal frequency we obtained is 220.38Hz,...
This document is the primary American National Standard on application of the metric system. It emphasizes use of the International System of units (SI), which is the modern, internationally accepted metric system. It includes information on SI, a limited list of units recognized for use with SI, and a list of conversion factors, together with general guidance on style and usage. It also lists older...
This document is the primary American National Standard on application of the metric system. It emphasizes use of the International System of units (SI), which is the modern, internationally accepted metric system. It includes information on SI, a limited list of units recognized for use with SI, and a list of conversion factors, together with general guidance on style and usage. It also lists older...
Assessing the level of river water quality periodically is important in ensuring that the river water is safe for consumption. This study investigates the level of water quality at Skudai River from year 2002 to 2006. Twenty parameters were identified and used in this analysis. These twenty parameters are recorded at nine monitoring stations located along the Skudai River. Multivariate statistical...
Raman amplifiers provide a simple and yet powerful platform for optical amplification needs in modern optical communication networks. This paper reviews recent progress in Raman amplifier research and highlights some non-conventional future of the field. Although the low-noise and wavelength-independent gain properties of Raman amplifiers have been long exploited in optical communication networks,...
To support legacy migration to service-oriented architecture (SOA), this paper presents a method that derives candidates of SOA services from procedural programs. In SOA, every service is supposed to be a process (procedure) with (1) open interface, (2) self-containedness, (3) coarse granularity for business. We identify such services from the source code and its data flow diagram (DFD), by analyzing...
Clustering is used commonly in ad hoc networks for hierarchical routing. Size-bounded clustering has been proposed to restrict the maximum size of a cluster so that the routing load, and hence the energy drain, on the clusterhead is bounded. However, all the existing size-bounded clustering algorithms take the size bound as the number of nodes in the cluster. This approach may still result in high...
This paper reports the extraction of soluble silicates and aluminates from coal fly ash using microwave irradiation from a domestic microwave oven. Fifteen experimental conditions for the extraction were obtained using Box-Behnken design through manipulation of three variables namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, power level of microwave irradiation and exposure time; each variable has three...
Energy harvesting devices which convert ambient energy to electrical energy has attracted a lot of attention in commercial sectors. Due to the environmental consciousness, energy harvesting devices or so called micro generators promise a cleaner environment by avoiding the usage of batteries. Piezoelectric energy harvesters are the most promising solution because they can efficiently convert mechanical...
Performance issues of multi-tier Web services have been studied extensively in recent years. Performance modeling and prediction under failure of multi-tier architectures, however, is not well addressed yet. We propose a novel model named Performance under failure of multi-tier architecture, or PerFAMA in short, to address this issue. We first show that the multi-tier architecture with failure considerations...
There is a demand for safer, cleaner and more affordable civil air engines and found to be of greater importance. Few years before, the European Union took a action for the design and construction of efficient and environmental friendly air engines. The benefits of this type of engine are focused on to reduced pollutants and decreased fuel consumption. In a wheeled vehicle engine system comprising...
Color selection in designing user interfaces is addressed by an interactive genetic algorithm. The proposed approach is aimed at finding the optimal trade-off between different and sometimes conflicting constraints, without any explicit model of user preferences and abilities. Experimentation investigates the algorithm convergence under several conditions and user behavior.
This paper presents the design of a decentralized storage scheme to support multi-dimensional range queries over sensor networks. We build a distributed k-d tree based index structure over sensor network, so as to efficiently map high dimensional event data to a two-dimensional space of sensors while preserving the proximity of events. We propose a dynamic programming based methodology to control...
Service-oriented computing, cloud computing, and web services composition mark cornerstones of a paradigm shift in software systems engineering. The general new idea is to use as much as possible services that are made available by others, mostly disseminated via the web. In this paper, we present an abstract model for clouds as federations of services together with a specification of semantics and...
The resistivity of a quasi-one-dimensional structure fabricated without masks by 20-keV Ga+ focused ion beam (FIB) on crystalline Si substrates was investigated for the first time, along with an analysis of properties of implanted p+ layers. The junction depth of the 7?? off-axis implanted layer after annealing, which was measured by stain method, is 410 nm. The distribution profile was investigated...
In this paper, it takes advantage of evidence theory to fuse the data with multi-sensors and multi-measuring periods. It discusses three kinds of fusion structures: concentrated fusion, distributed fusion without feedback and distributed fusion with feedback. In the application of vehicle type distinguishing, through theoretical analysis and simulation results, the paper gets the conclusion that when...
In this paper, we provide a brief survey about the recent standardization advances in the field of mobility management for DVB-H mobile TV systems. The mentioned topics include: DVB-H to DVB-H handover, and DVB-H service roaming. In addition, since the DVB-H standard itself specifies only the behavior below the IP layer, other service layer standards over the DVB-H, e.g. OMA BCAST or DVB-IPDC, are...
Silicon microneedles were fabricated extensively for bio-medical applications by using optimized process. The entire process was simulated and resultant micro structures have been analyzed and reported. Microneedle fabrication was carried out in three different etch techniques and the outputs were compared. The optimized structure was obtained by manipulating etch parameters, mask size and isotropy...
The quantum definition based threshold voltage has been evaluated for triple-gate (TG) SOI FinFETs using self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver. Although a new quantum definition of threshold voltage for multiple gate SOI MOSFETs has been provided in recent literature, in-depth analysis of quantization effects on threshold voltage calculation for highly scaled TG FinFETs is yet to be done. In...
HCF controlled channel access (HCCA), defined in the IEEE 802.11e document, provides a sample scheduler to allocate transmission opportunity (TXOP) to QoS-aware stations (QSTAs). Since the calculation of TXOP duration is based on mean data rate, it is efficient for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic. For variable bit rate (VBR) traffic, however, delay bound of some admitted traffic flows may be violated...
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