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Photovoltaic units that are connected to the grid through dc/dc converters and inverters in distributed generation, are controlled via a synchronous-generator-like voltage control mechanism. While other control schemes such Synchronverters are used to control the inverter frequency and power at a fixed dc link voltage, the proposed approach considers both the dc-link voltage dynamics and the inverter...
This paper presents a new topology of multilevel converter that allows to increase the number of output voltage levels reducing the numbers of semiconductors necessary in comparison with the standard multilevel converters like Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) and Stacked Multicell Converter (SMC). This new topology called Reduced Multilevel Converter (RMC) consists of a tandem connection of basic...
This paper proposes a new control method for two stage converters to realize the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) operation, which also can help eliminate circulating power between energy storage (ES) converters. It is proven in this paper that the proposed method shares stronger resemblances with synchronous generators (SGs) than traditional VSG in aspects of power conversion process and mathematical...
Buck and buck-boost ac-ac converter topologies with a center-point-clamped circuit configuration have been recently reported in literature. These converter circuits reduce the voltage stress on the bidirectional switches employed in corresponding direct ac-ac converters. This new topological structure enables access to the mid-point of voltage terminals. This paper introduces a family of such ac-ac...
The purpose of this study is to design a LQR controller for the SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter) converter which is widely employed in industrial DC-DC power conversion and is also starting to see widespread use in PV applications. Circuit-Averaging-Method is used to acquire the mathematical model of the given system. Controllers are designed based on the Small-Signal model. LQR and...
Simulation of power converters is particularly necessary in the automotive industry where the requirements for rapid development and the right choice of components allow reducing design time and allowing engineers to verify by more simulations many of the preliminary versions of the electronic power schemes. In this paper we present the simulation of the back 48 to 14V converter required nowadays...
Real-time simulation is an important tool of validating the performance of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). By using the field programmable gates array (FPGA), MMC valves with hundreds of sub-modules and the large number of inputs and outputs can be simulated in real-time. In the traditional FPGA based real-time simulation, only the MMC valves are implemented on FPGA, while the rest parts including...
Modular multilevel converters (MMCs), with the filter-less and transformer-less features, are considered as a promising topology for high-efficiency medium voltage (MV) high voltage (HV) drive systems. However, at low frequencies (< 30 Hz), a large current ripple flowing through the capacitors of each submodule will cause significant capacitor voltage fluctuation. This paper proposes an optimal...
This paper presents discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) scheme for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to achieve an advanced switching losses reduction. The MMC is considered to be one of the most attractive multilevel topology for high-power applications because of the features of its high power quality, modularity, and availability. However, the MMC has large switching losses because of...
Boost type converters are commonly used as pre-regulators in applications such as photovoltaics, battery storage, and power factor correction. Normally, non-isolated step-up conversion is done using traditional hard-switching boost topologies, but these suffer from low efficiency due to hard switching transitions. Soft-switching boost topologies present an opportunity to increase switching frequency...
A high step-up switched-capacitor based converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter features high conversion ratio, low voltage stress and continuous input current, which makes it very suitable for renewable energy applications like photovoltaic systems. More importantly, the proposed switched-capacitor cells in series with converter can be generalized in two ways, resulting in dc-dc...
The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of an Embedded Real-Time Simulator (ERTS) for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), using low-cost System-on-Chip (SoC) platform. In order to achieve new functionalities such as sensor-less control, monitoring, diagnostic and fault detection, the MMC plant model can be implemented along with the controller. In MMC applications, the implementation...
Solid state transformers (SSTs) include dc subsystems to enable plug-and-play support of dc loads, generation sources, and energy storage. Dual active bridge (DAB) converters are a suitable topology for both the primary energy conversion and load interface applications in an SST. This study considers an SST that uses DAB converters for both applications, and describes a method of generating a full...
Embedded grids have been increasingly adopted into applications such as More Electric Aircraft where different power converters are interconnected to each other. Interactions between the grid components poses the risk of instability to the system, more so when in the presence of reduced passive filters. An approach of automated and scalable tuning of such embedded grids with consideration for the...
A control strategy for a three-phase grid connected inverter with LCL filter based on Lyapunov energy function during unbalanced grid conditions is presented in this paper. To reduce complexity and number of variables the control strategy is accomplished in a stationary two phase reference frame. Dual second-order generalized integrator structure (DSOGI) is utilized to extract the positive and negative...
The advantages of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) is well known. These includes scalability, increased reliability, lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in output variables, fault tolerance and so forth. The MMC has found its most application in High Voltage DC (HVDC) systems again because of the stated advantages. In the analysis of such systems, because...
This paper presents a Micro-Electrode Array (MEA) recording system with novel concept of a multiplexer coupled prior to the amplifier and filtering stages. It is described all the recording system, since the pre-amplifier, analog channel multiplexing, amplifier and filter, and AD conversion. For the AD conversion, it was used a commercial module called BeagleBoneBlack, which is an open source board,...
In the DC distributed power system of the more electric aircraft (MEA), it is necessary to have a LC filter in the input of boost converter due to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and sharp input impulse voltage. Whereas, the interaction between boost converter and poorly damping filter may cause instability throughout the system., The problem may be solved by adding resistor or increasing capacitance,...
A soft-switching solution implemented to the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter is developed. The soft-switching cell, which composed of three auxiliary switches, one resonant capacitor and one resonant inductor, is equipped in the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter to realize circuit ZCT or ZVT operations in both energy transmission directions. Two driving methods are presented to charging...
Real-time simulation of modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC is one of the most important and difficult technologies in the area of power electronics research. This paper presents a methodology for the hardware in loop (HIL) CPU/FPGA-based real-time simulation of a one-terminal MMC HVDC of up to 468 levels using a detailed equivalent model, and the simulation system is based on full-scale...
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