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This article analyses the primary design goals and challenges for routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. And it discuss various routing strategies and describe some important routing protocols. Finally, the article concludes with evaluation methods that are capable of effectively managing the trade-off between optimality and efficiency.
Aiming at the problem that the node energy is limited, the network cycle is short and the throughput is low in the wireless sensor network, Dynamic Routing Protocol Based on Clustering was proposed known as KACO (K-means and Ant Colony Optimal). At the beginning it employs ant colony optimal and k-means algorithm to form cluster, and the novel method which consider the energy ratio, node location...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), preserving energy requires utmost attention, as they are highly resource constrained. Clustering is commonly considered as one of the efficient energy conservation techniques. In a clustered WSN, due to the nature of operation, cluster heads (CHs) near the sink bear the major share of data forwarding compared with the CHs far away from the sink, resulting in an...
Studies of clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) usually tackle the problems of designing new algorithms and compare them based on a set of properties (e.g. energy efficiency, scalability), lacking the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and communication patterns that lead to these properties. Our approach tackles this lack of understanding by applying techniques developed by complex...
In order to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, many approaches have been done dividing the network into clusters, gathering data from nodes and aggregating them to the base station. Some of the clustering algorithms consider the residual energy of the nodes in the selection of the cluster heads and others rotate the selection of cluster heads periodically. However, they rarely study...
A Wireless Sensor Network consists of enormous amount of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes sense the information from the sensing region and transmit to the sink. From the sink a client can access the required information. Essential part of the wireless sensor network is the sensor nodes that are driven with the batteries. Prolonging the network lifetime is very difficult and expensive in many conditions...
A WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is made out of various number of hubs each of which comprise of detecting gadgets or sensing device to gather information from environment. These detecting gadgets are given processing unit to perform operations on information. These gadgets are conveyed arbitrarily in remote environment, because of which battery charging or substitution is not viewed as down to earth...
Internet of Things (IoT) is a new network paradigm that allows the virtual presence of physical objects in our life. The main idea of IoT is origin from equipping daily life objects with embedded devices. Meanwhile, due to the low cost and high availability of sensor devices, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a great role in overspreading of IoT. This paper presents a new routing algorithm in order...
One of the crucial challenges in the recently emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications is how to handle the massive heterogeneous data generated from a large number of resource-constrained sensors. In this context, cloud computing has emerged as a promising paradigm due to its enormous storage and computing capabilities, thus leading to the IoT-Cloud convergence. In such a framework, IoT devices...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually build from huge number of randomly deployed sensor nodes in certain area. The sensors are mainly utilized to monitor physical and environmental conditions, gather information, process this data locally and transfer the sensed data back to the Base Station (BS). The main objective of this paper is to simulate, evaluate and observe the behavior of developed clustering...
Energy efficiency in data collection and dissemination is a very important factor in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, minimizing energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime are the key factors for the design of wireless sensor network protocols. One of the energy conservation techniques is to select proper cluster head in a cluster. In this paper, a protocol has been proposed to select...
Since sensor nodes are energy constrained as they have limited power resources, they turn off their energy earlier. So, it will be so hard and so expensive to change or recharge their batteries from one time to another especially for a large scale networks. Therefore, prolonging their lifetime is a key issue that should be highly considered. As a solution for this problem is to manage intelligently...
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a congestion-based attack that makes both the network and host-based resources unavailable for legitimate users, sending flooding attack packets to the victim's resources. The non-existence of predefined rules to correctly identify the genuine network flow made the task of DDoS attack detection very difficult. In this paper, a combination of unsupervised...
The limited number of resources in Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) and long communication distance between sensors and base station causes high energy consumption and consequently reduce the network lifetime. Therefore one of the important parameters in these networks is the optimized energy consumption. One way to reduce the energy consumption is to cluster the network. In this study, a dynamic clustering...
In this paper, we propose to use correlations to optimize network operations in terms of energy-efficiency and data quality for data collection applications. We present a novel approach that uses spatial correlations between geographic neighboring nodes to form maximal cliques. Then, we apply it to protocol LEACH by adding a pre-selection phase to elect representative nodes in each clique to be activated...
Wireless sensor networks WSNs are exceptional network comprise of network devices in large numbers and spatial circulation. They have different sensing capacity and participate to finish common task. It is seen in writing overview that density grid based clustering in WSN which has enhanced the execution of the WSNs by utilizing the gathering based information aggregation. In any case, no enhancement...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist in a set ofsensor nodes that collect data in the environment and send it to a Base Station that processes the final data. Some challenges may be found, such as minimizing energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime. Many protocols achieve energy savings through network clustering. This paper presents a new modeling graph using flow network to improve...
This paper presents a new approach of clusteringmechanism in the wireless sensor networks. In our proposedapproach the selection of the cluster head is based on multiplecriteria by combining varieties of performance metrics. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to enhance the election of themost performed node in order to be a cluster head. The proposedmechanism is evaluated by Matlab and was...
Clustering algorithm incurs significantenergy consumption for clusters and its ClusterHeads (CH) in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). WSN brings a new attention over a real-timeintelligent system with its limitations and gainedmore research challenges. In last few years, WSNcan be used and seen in many real time applicationslike disaster management, pollution monitoring, temperature monitoring, traffic...
Nowadays, Wireless networks are becoming extremely important for companies and large public. And above all the types of networks, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are the most flexible and extensible. With their dynamic and collaborative behaviour, their security has become an important research issue. Also, the trust is the main factor to secure and control the network because it is important to know...
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