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Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are amphiphilic molecules that have the ability to self-organize into highly ordered yet fluid, phase-segregated assemblies in the presence of an added polar liquid such as water. The resulting ordered assemblies, called LLC phases, have specific nanometer-scale geometries with periodic hydrophilic and hydrophobic features ranging in structure from bilayer lamellae...
Photovoltaic backsheets are an essential part of photovoltaic modules. It is imperative that the backsheet perform and be shown to be weatherable over the 25 year expected module lifetime. This paper reports on findings from a study focused on understanding the durability of the outer weatherable layers of commercial backsheets exposed in south Florida. Within one year of exposure, Non-Fluoropolymer...
This paper deals with the measuring of the breakdown voltage of polymeric insulation materials stressed by high direct voltages and power-frequency high-voltages superimposed by high-frequency voltages. High-frequency highvoltage stress results in an intense heating caused by higher dielectric losses commensurate to the frequency, the permittivity and the dielectric loss factor of the materials. The...
The problem of transfer of polymers through nanopores in porous materials as dielectric low k materials. To study this problem we used the comb model. It is shown that the new equation of fractional order must be used to describe this problem. The solutions of these fractional order equations have obtained. The numerical analysis has been performed. The obtained results have been applied to study...
Charge traps have great influence on charge transport, trapping and recombination in solid dielectrics such as polymers. In this paper, the energy distribution of traps in three polymers i.e. low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) has been studied, based on the isothermal surface potential decay measurement. Trap measurement and calculation formula is deduced and a...
Mobile bridges are primarily to make span-crossing and form traffic path flexibly and rapidly. FRP (Fiber-reinforced polymer composite) is suitable for the construction of mobile bridge as its advantages of light-weight and high-strength. In this paper, the ANSYS optimization module is used to optimize the linear of the FRP bridge, in order to lose the weight of the bridge.
A new hybrid material solution has been developed for electromagnetic waves absorption based on a hierarchical architecture involving carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer foam inserted inside a metallic honeycomb structure. The honeycomb acts like a waveguide and improves the absorption up to 95% of the incident power near the cut-off frequency and delivers a high level of absorption above. Moreover,...
At Loughborough University an environmentally friendly manufacturing process for electronic circuits, involving the embedding of electronic components in thermoplastic resins via insert injection moulding, is under development. Once embedded, interconnection between components is achieved by subsequently plating or printing metallisation patterns on the moulding surface. The environmental benefits...
This paper presents rapidly dissolving fibroin microneedles for the first time. A reverse PDMS microneedles mold was first created and drug-contained fibroin solution was poured into this reverse PDMS microneedles mold. Fibroin microneedles were successfully fabricated after drying and detaching the solidified fibroin structure from the PDMS mold. These fibroin microneedles serve as a matrix to incorporate...
In order to simulate the damping effect of cartilage at human's knee joint, the component of a prosthetic knee joint is topology optimized as a compliant mechanism. After optimization, the component not only has the desired damping effect, but also has a lightweight structure, which is still capable of withstanding the prescribed loads. The SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) interpolation...
In this paper, several material candidates for hybrid bonding technology in wafer-level 3D integration were investigated. Polymer materials, including BCB, SU-8, AL-Polymer, and polyimide (PI), were studied and then thermal-compression bonded between 150°C and 450°C. Characterization of bonded layer and evaluation of bond quality for these bonded wafers were investigated by Scanning Acoustic Tomograph...
This paper explains the development of a compact model for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), analyzing some of their features. The model, based on hopping transport between localized states, includes a mobility expression that depends explicitly on both the characteristic temperature and density of states of the distribution of localized states. Temperature dependences are also taken into account...
The importance of the development of high-end computers (HEC) lies in their ability to solve complex problems in many areas of science and engineering. In order to develop the next generation of HEC faster buses are required. However, faster buses cannot be achieved in a cost-effective way by means of further scaling of today's electrical technology. Some of the parameters that prevent this further...
Polyaniline/graphene nanocomposite (PANI/G) was synthesized by an in situ polymerization procedure. The microstructure of PANI/G was characterized to be a mixture of PANI nanowires and graphene sheets by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluoresence Spectrometer (EDX). PANI/G was used to modify glassy carbon electrodes to detect...
A system is proposed for monitoring changes in surface shape that is portable, inexpensive, durable, and works in many places where traditional shape monitoring techniques would fail. This system is ideally suited to monitoring large-scale surface deformations on surfaces like cloth without excessive wiring or the need for special purpose equipment. It is composed of a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor...
This paper takes a novel approach to the problem of characterising electrical ageing in solid dielectrics through ex-situ experiments that seek to reproduce the chemistry of electrical treeing in bulk. Plaque specimens of a range of polymers, including polyethylene, polystyrene, polyether ether ketone and silicone rubber, were subjected to surface ageing via corona discharge in air or in a closed...
This work is focused on the improvement of the condition number of transfer function matrix in a PEA cell. A model has been developed in order to understand the influence between the behavior of the wave propagation inside the PEA cell and the condition number of the transfer function. Three cases are analyzed: the thickness of the sensor, the pulses shape and the nature of materials used in a PEA...
Due to the high corrosion, high strength-to-weigh ratio and low thermal conductivity, the fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) materials are increasingly being used for the large diameter pipe, which is used to transport hot water. The temperature of the hot water is 45°C, and the ambient air temperature is 3°C in the extreme working conditions. So the strength analysis is necessary under thermal and internal...
Piezoelectric energy harvesters are being examined thoroughly as a potential source of electrical power when harnessing surrounding mechanical vibrations. In literature, high frequency energy harvesters are discussed in sufficient details. The development of piezoelectric energy harvester becomes extremely challenging when source vibration frequency is very low. This is due to incompatible stiffness...
In this work the dielectric response of three commonly used polymeric insulating materials, namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), was measured after applying combined action of UV-radiation and condensation (humidity and heat) in an Accelerated Weathering Tester apparatus. Test samples were planar with a 2 mm thickness. For both aged...
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