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This paper presents the measurement of long-time equivalent magnetic field fluctuations. It was obtained with a low noise off-diagonal GMI magnetometer. Acquisitions are conducted with a dedicated acquisition system. The GMI sensor principle and associated noise sources are reminded. Furthermore, the noise model is extended to include the impact of the very low frequency drift of the associated GMI...
Medium voltage 10 kV Silicon Carbide MOSFETs, introduce challenges regarding converter design. Very high rate of voltage change and capacitive couplings to for example cooling systems cause increased electromagnetic interference. The aim of this paper is to accurately model the capacitive coupling to a heat sink and experimentally validate the model. An analytic model of the heat sink is developed...
In this paper, after explaining the reasons why some players asked to standardize also the 3–150 kHz EMC maximum acceptable range, we describe the type of disturbances depending on the frequency range and on the type of equipment that can generate such disturbances. Furthermore, we illustrate the different methods to reduce them. In particular, we explain a method to design a suitable passive filter...
The high frequency voltage oscillation on the DC/DC gate driver of a H-bridge created during the turn-off intervals of the power switches has critical impact on component reliability and control quality. This noise can propagate freely in the low power plane to other functional circuits of the converter due to the performance degradation of EMI filter in high frequency range above 30MHz. In this paper,...
The impedance modeling of passive device is mandatory for EMI prediction of power converter on printed board circuit (PCB) level. The black-box node-to-node impedance function (NIF) model, which extracts the connecting impedance matrix from measurement, can be used as the most general representation. However, the most recent development of this model is still based on the assumption of ideal shorting...
This contribution aims at studying the input impedance of household appliances in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 500 kHz (FCC band). The method using the network analyzer is chosen as it provides a very good trade-off between required accuracy and ease of use. Some of the most common household appliances present in customer installations are characterized in terms of impedance in their respective...
Analog systems, where good and stable supply plays an important role in total system performance, need highly accurate, clean and reliable low dropout linear regulators (LDOs). High performance and low area are also important in voltage reference circuits for achieving smallest cost and best in the industry Analog-to-Digital (A/D) and Digital-to-Analog (D/A) conversion. This paper describes a smart...
This paper proposes a grid impedance estimation method for distributed generation units using a sequential Monte Carlo method called particle filtering. The theoretical background of this method is reviewed, and system equations are derived. First results for implementation are given in this course of the paper. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of this filter in grid impedance...
This paper discusses the signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement at the antenna receiver system output using non-Foster matching. High mismatch loss in an antenna reduces the external noise power below the internal noise floor which results in a lower SNR than expected appearing at the input of the receiver. Non-Foster matching can minimize the mismatch loss but also adds its own noise to the receiver...
This paper deals with the transfer of data by Power-Line Communication (PLC) on a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) energy network. Target applications concern the adjustable speed drive for industrial infrastructures. In order to implement an efficient communication solution, it is necessary to have a model of the communication channel to determine certain parameters like bandwidth, carrier frequency and...
with becoming a complex structure of the electricity network, smart grid architecture and technologies became very important. The most widespread smart grid technology is PLC for managing and controlling the devices in the electricity network. To design a reliable PLC device is not a straightforward issue, especially channel characteristics must be known such as impedance, noise level and attenuation...
Behavioral EMI models for the prediction of common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) noise based on Thevenin equivalents were developed earlier for a dc-fed motor-drive system. It was shown that beyond the switching frequency of the drive, the CM noise model behaved like a two-port linear network and could predict changes in the input-side EMI due to any changes in the load-side parameters or vice...
This paper presents the analysis of mixed mode noise in an H-bridge PWM converter. Based on the definition of differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise voltage source and noise current and the time domain voltage and current relationship, noise prediction models are proposed in frequency domain for CM, DM and mixed mode (MM) noise with the consideration of system symmetry regarding the noise...
This paper proposes a hybrid DM Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) input filter model for AC-DC converters. After briefly reviewing DM EMI noise model for AC-DC converters, a closed loop filter model is developed. Based on the closed loop model, the open loop characteristics required for active filter's stable operation is determined. The constraints and requirements for the efficient implementation...
The aim of this paper is to introduce a methodology to design an active DM filter at the input side of AC-DC converters to cancel current ripples and DM EMI noise. The boost PFC AC-DC converter's noise characteristic was first analyzed. The active filter topologies are designed based on the identified characteristics of the AC-DC converters. Several design issues such as thermal run away, DC offset,...
Hybrid electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters (HEFs) which are composed of an active filter and a passive filter, have been proposed to reduce the size and weight of conventional passive EMI filters. However, accurate models that can be used to predict the stability and performance of HEFs have not been developed. To cope with this, this paper presents a modeling technique for a hybrid common-mode...
In this paper, a permanent magnet biased inductor has been analysed and designed for a frequency converter. Line current harmonic and conducted emission tests have been carried out to compare the performance of the hybrid inductor. The analysis shows that the hybrid inductor can have volume reduction in comparison with a traditional inductor.
With the high electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise generated by fast-switching-speed devices, it is crucial to learn about EMI noise generation and propagation in the systems and design effective EMI filters. EMI behavioral models have been verified as an effective tool to predict common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) EMI noise and aid in EMI filter design. However, these models cannot predict...
A new “Double Clamp Methodology” (DCM) is proposed that can suppress a cable's peak radiated emission in a band centered around noise frequency (fnoise pk) that is generated by Common-Mode (CM) electrical noise current flowing in any product containing pulsed switching devices connected to a shielded cable. DCM is a cable grounding technique that clamps or terminates a shielded cable in two places...
Usually, imaging and measurement using ultrasound employs the application of single pulse signals for probing. Despite low correlation sidelobes and wide bandwidth which contribute to the good temporal resolution such single pulses have low energy. If material attenuation and scattering are high, or application is air-coupled, signal losses are high and signal-to-noise ratio is low. Spread spectrum...
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