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Europejski „handel emisjami" obejmuje zobowiązania do redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla. Został wprowadzony u progu XXI wieku w celu ułatwienia krajom Unii Europejskiej wywiązania się z wymagań Protokołu z Kioto przez minimalizację sumy kosztów tej redukcji. Z czasem jednak ewoluował w kierunku instrumentu spełniającego wiele ról jednocześnie -takich jak promocja odnawialnych źródeł energii - do...
The elaboration highlights the role of fi nancial instruments in the management of ecological risk. There were presented basic mechanisms in accordance with which the European emission permit trade is functioning and also the principles according to which term transactions which have the dominating role in trade on carbon market are functioning. Furthermore, the article includes description of transaction...
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