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Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research,...
Eyespot is one of the most important fungal diseases of the stem base of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The presented study clearly demonstrated that the Pch1 gene was the main effective source for reducing the eyespot disease score in the analyzed winter wheat lines. Nevertheless, Pch1 was present only in 8−9% of the investigated lines. Using an isoenzymatic marker and molecular markers, the presence...
The following article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms...
The article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, К. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E.coli. On average 30%...
The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora management relies mainly on chemical control. As a result extensive and repeated treatment of insecticides has led to the development of aphid resistance to commonly used insecticides. To investigate chlorpyrifos-methyl resistance in A. craccivora, a field strain was selected for 24-generations to achieve a resistance factor of 82.3 fold compared with a susceptible...
Three populations of silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.) were tested – one that is susceptible and two that are resistant to sulfonylureas. Th is study assessed the efficacy of control by different herbicides in a pot experiment and estimated the molecular status of resistance to sulfonylureas in analysed populations and its effect on the effi cacy of different chemical treatments. The three most...
The cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) is considered to be an alarming insect pest causing both quantitative and qualitative loss in cotton. In situ bioassay studies were done and the role of detoxifying enzymes in conferring resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides in low (MUD), medium (DVG), high (HVR) and very high (GLB) pesticide usage areas of Karnataka were determined...
The natural resistance against the majority of potential pathogens that exist in most plant species is known as non-host resistance. Several reports suggest the role of antioxidant enzymes in non-host resistance. We assayed the expression or activity of four scavenging enzymes during non-host pathogen-plant interaction (Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii/mung bean) and host pathogen-plant interaction...
The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is considered a serious insect pest attacking several crops. We carried out biochemical studies to elucidate the role of the metabolising enzymes in conferring resistance to thiamethoxam, in two strains (resistant and susceptible) of the cowpea aphid. Bioassay experiments showed that the thiamethoxam selected strain developed a 48 fold resistance after consecutive...
This review summarizes current data on resistance among Salmonella spp. isolates of food origin from countries in different regions of the world. The mechanisms of resistance to different groups of antimicrobial compounds are also considered. Among strains resistant to quinolones and/or fluoroquinolones the most prevalent mechanism is amino acid substitutions in quinolone resistance-determining region...
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the most important and widespread virus infecting brassicas worldwide. In 2013, 2014, and 2015, twenty-three cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) breeding lines from Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute (BSARI, Samsun, Turkey) were screened for their reaction to TuMV-BA isolate by mechanical inoculation under controlled conditions. On the basis of 0–5 disease rating scale...
The resistance of timber members in structures decreases over time. It depends on the type of load – permanent or variable- and the sort of timber. Strength reduction effects, often referred to as creep-rupture effects, due to long- term loading at high stress ratio levels, are well known for many materials such as aluminum and concrete. Wood materials are greatly affected by a reduction in strength...
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. is considered the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries. Anthelmintic resistance has become a global concern. This study compared the efficacy of the commonly used anthelmintics, determined the toxicity level and any indication of resistance. Thirty two water buffaloes naturally-infected with Fasciola spp. were used to determine the...
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