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Europium doped Gd2O3 nanotubes (Gd2O3:Eu3+ NTs) were synthesized and characterized. Then, the neurotoxicity and brain localization of Gd2O3:Eu3+ NTs were evaluated. All experimental rats were administered by intranasal instillation with 30 μL Gd2O3:Eu3+ NTs suspension 3.0 and 15.0 mg/mL respectively every other day for 35 consecutive days, and the rats of control group were administered with an equal...