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Optimization of biodiesel production from non-edible Carica papaya seed oil was experimentally investigated in this study. Biodiesel production process parameters such as methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst type and their concentrations, reaction temperature and reaction time were evaluated. It was found that the optimum process parameters for transesterification of the Carica papaya seed oil at an...
We demonstrate a low-power multi-pixel volatile compounds sensing platform dedicated to Internet of Things (IoT) applications, especially for environmental monitoring and industrial control. The transducers are made of interdigitated microelectrodes within a sensor array. Each pixel is independently functionalized by polypyrrole (PPy) electropolymerization performed in a back-end process in order...
Telstra's telecommunication network covers a diverse area, which is subject to Australia's challenging environmental factors. These factors present challenges to the network and can prominently affect Telstra's remote sites, especially off-grid sites. This paper presents the key findings of using stationary fuel cells at these remote sites. The fuel cells implemented by Telstra are indirect methanol...
While detection of alcohols in trace quantities is useful in a variety of commercial, industrial, environmental and defense applications, it plays a very crucial role in biomedical applications. Concentration of alcohols of as low as 0.4% methanol in 40% ethanol in blood is considered to be lethal and can lead to serious health issues. Developing a low cost highly accurate and a portable device to...
This article investigates the influence of oxygen-containing groups on the properties of CNTs and CNT-supported catalyst. The carbon nanotubes were treated using H2O2 solution and by annealing in Ar atmosphere (800°C) in order to introduce and to eliminate oxygen surface functionalities, respectively. Their properties of CNTs were investigated using TGA, XRD, BET, and TPD-NH3. The reducibility of...
Microporous polymer structures (MPSs) based on multi-layered plastic meshes are experimentally approved for label-free volatile gas sensing with high sensitivity and reasonable selectivity in terahertz frequency region. Various MPS gas sensors with different micropore sizes and stacking configurations are prepared for investigation of the geometry dependent sensitivity. Identification of different...
We present a gas sensor system based on 245 GHz SiGe transmitter and receiver chips and a carbon molecular sieve gas concentrator. A gas mixture of 100 ppm methanol in ambient air at atmospheric pressure can be detected with high SNR of up to 430 at a pressure of 7.7 Pa after thermal desorption of the gas, which corresponds to a sensitivity of 230 ppb.
The PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cell is very popular for transportation applications because of its high energy density, low operating temperature, low greenhouse gases emission and high fuel efficiency. But direct use of PEM fuel cell as a single power source for electric vehicles is restricted due to its slow dynamics and less peak power supplying capability. Hydrogen safety, being used...
The aim of present work is to develop an innovative and alternative method for the identification and quantification of methanol in white spirits based on twodimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy. Firstly, for the identification and quantification of methanol in white spirits, 19 white spirits samples adulterated with different levels of methanol (0.1% to 10%) were prepared. And, the Fourier transform...
Surface functional groups present on the SWCNT carbon support was modified and its effects on methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) was studied. The surface functionality is tailored using controlled acid and base treatment. Acid treatment leads to the attachment of carboxylic carbon (CC) fragments to SWCNT making it hydrophilic (P3-SWCNT). Base treatment of P3-SWCNT with 0.05 M NaOH reduces the CCs and...
In this paper, based on the dimethyl ether plant process and production process control system, the optimal design of DME control system is studied and the simulation system are established. First of all, the production equipment is regarded as the research object, and through the device operation requirements and device characteristics of structural analysis, and combined with the DCS control system...
Accurate molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region allows precision measurements with applications in fundamental physics. We present our on-going work towards measuring absolute vibrational frequencies of various polyatomic species — in particular methanol — around 10 μm, at an unprecedented level of accuracy, using a both ultra-stable and widely tuneable near-infrared frequency...
Raman spectroscopy allows for label-free identification of molecules, retrieving their characteristic vibrational fingerprints. It finds applications in many disciplines, such as biomedical sciences [1]. The cross section of spontaneous Raman scattering is inherently very low, thus hampering its use for high-speed microscopy applications. Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) boosts the signal by many orders...
For transformers in service, aging markers from cellulose in oil such as furans, water, methanol and acids are measured for diagnostic purposes. The content of these indicators, measured in oil, may therefore vary with load, temperature, solid and liquid insulation aging, as well as marker stability and evaporative loss. Correction factors estimating the level of the aging marker to a reference temperature...
Measurement of transformer remaining useful life has long been a goal for responsible asset management. Most testing laboratories offer furan concentration testing as a suitable method. The interpretive method of choice is usually the Chendong equation expressed in practical terms as degree of polymerization of the paper with new paper at about 1000 and end of life at around 300. Typical mill transformers...
The paper deals with the task of estimating methanol concentration in the process of methyl-tert-butyl ether production by soft-sensor. A comparative analysis of the methods for determining of the main informative input sets for the soft-sensor model is presented. The dynamic soft sensor modeling based on the use of convolution sums in order to take into account the time of measurement delay is used...
In the framework of reservoir engineering it is necessary to consider that hydrates could occur on every stage of gas producing, gas conditioning and gas transportation. This problem is very important, especially for wells and flowlines of the high north foundations. Operation conditions without gas hydrate formation could be provided by different ways. The most common way is the hydrate growth inhibitor...
Ageing assessment of transformer paper insulation is commonly conducted through measurement of different chemical indicators in oil such as carbon oxide gases and furanic compounds [1]. Apart from these conventional paper ageing indicators, recent research success has shown that methanol and ethanol in transformers can also be used to indicate the degradation of transformer paper insulation [2].
The main problem during natural gas extraction is the hydrating risk. Hydrates could be formed at every exctraction stage: from gas foundation to the Central Processing Facility (CPF). The operation conditions could hardly ever be performed without hydrates because these conditions depend on many factors. Hydrating is quite an undesirable process because it decreases the field operations efficiency...
This paper reviews progress in paper degradation assessment in service aged transformers from four existing methods, including measurements of furans (2FAL), measurements of methanol (MeOH), analysis of dissolved gases in oil (DGA) and forensic investigation. Practical recommendations towards more reliable paper degradation assessment for in-service transformers are suggested, including a composite...
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