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Realizing a minimally-invasive interface with the brain for treating neurological disorders represents a considerable challenge for modern medicine. Implantable neuromodulation devices have been successfully used for treating a variety of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraine. However, the implantation trauma and the risks associated with...
This paper describes a micropower low-noise neural front-end circuit capable of recording epileptic fast ripples (FR). The front-end circuit consisting of a preamplifier followed by a 6th-order bandpass filter is designed for signal sensing in a future epileptic deep brain stimulator. A current-splitting technique is combined with an output-branch current scaling technique in a folded-cascode amplifier...
Understanding the initiation site and propagation of epileptiform discharges in hippocampus are of important physiological significance. Here in transverse plane of hippocampus, the above questions were investigated with low-Mg2+ ACSF perfused hippocampal slices of Sprague Dawley rat using microelectrode arrays. Initiation site of epileptiform discharges was determined by comparing the onset time...
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures due to abnormal or excessive neuronal activity in the brain. An estimated 50 million people around the world suffer from this condition, and it is classified as the second most serious neurological disease known to humanity, after stroke. With early and accurate detection of seizures, doctors can gain valuable...
Spherical harmonics (SPHARM) is a powerful tool for modelling and processing of 3D connected objects of any shape. SPHARM popularity lies in its capability of revealing surfaces global discrepancies in a multi-scale manner. In medical image analysis, this capability is of great importance in diagnosis of diseases that are related to deformations in the brain structures, such as mesial temporal lobe...
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a neurological disease that affects millions of individuals in the world. Majority of TLE patients suffer from refractory seizures. Determining abnormal/damaged regions of the brain that harbor seizure focus is a critical step towards treatment of TLE patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive method that we use in this work to determine damaged regions...
Epilepsy is caused by sudden flurries of electrochemical activity in the brain, which interrupt the 'conversation' among neurons. Consciousness, memory, sense, speech, mood, movement, and motions can all be affected during the one or two minutes that the seizure lasts. Walking, jogging, running and stationary bicycling are particularly safe, but especially "Prayer type yoga exercise" clearly...
Computer-assistance has reached virtually every domain within the field of medical imaging. But, even after four decades of intensive medical image analysis research, most of the fully automated methods have not been adopted for clinical routine use. Dedicated computer aided-diagnosis tools with proven clinical impact exist for a narrow range of applications, including mammography and chest imaging,...
Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases related to the disfunctioning of the central nervous system. For the patients whose drug therapy turns out to be ineffective, it is a common method to identify the locations of sources that trigger the seizure in the brain tissue and resect them through surgical means for treatment. The success of the surgical operation depends on the accurate localization...
An automatic Uni- or Multi-modal Intelligent Seizure Acquisition (UISA/MISA) system is highly applicable for onset detection of epileptic seizures based on motion data. The modalities used are surface electromyography (sEMG), acceleration (ACC) and angular velocity (ANG). The new proposed automatic algorithm on motion data is extracting features as “log-sum” measures of discrete wavelet components...
Baseline neurodynamics are believed to play an important role in normal brain function. A potentially intrinsic property of the brain is the weak coupling between networks at rest, which enables it to be flexible, adapt, process novel stimuli, and learn. Brain regions become differentially coordinated in response to cognitive task and behavior demands and external stimuli. However, abnormally synchronized...
Recent research in brain-machine interfaces and devices to treat neurological disease indicate that important network activity exists at temporal and spatial scales beyond the resolution of existing implantable devices. We present innovations in both hardware and software that allow sampling and interpretation of data from brain networks from hundreds or thousands of sensors at submillimeter resolution...
The purpose of this study was to analyze morphological characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in order to define a representation of epileptiform events that can distinguish them from other events occurring in the signal. There are several studies on parameterization of EEG signals, particularly for automatic detection of paroxysms related to epilepsy. Considering that during the automatic...
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures which affects about 1% people worldwide. During the past decades, some mechanisms involved in ictogenesis (generation of seizures) have been identified and, to some extent, partially understood. However, regarding epileptogenesis (process by which a neuronal system becomes epileptic), underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This...
The aim of this paper is to compare interictal EEG source localizations with statistical analysis of hypometabolisms in PET brain imaging. Both methods are currently used in the pre-surgical evaluation of drug-resistant partial epilepsy, but the relationship between electrical source localizations and hypometabolic areas has not been well defined yet. At the present time, these two methods have been...
The discovery of mirror neuron system in the macaque study in the 1990s explored a new way to investigate motor imitation. By using the electrocorticographic (ECoG) with high resolution in both spatial and temporal domains, this paper studies brain function during both observation and execution of a simple finger tapping task. Four epilepsy patients were asked to watch simple finger tapping video...
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a clinically suitable technique for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease. Recently, also other neurological disorders such as Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy are being to be treated with DBS. However, the debate on its therapeutic mechanisms of action is still open. In order to a better understanding of such mechanisms, in this work the...
Epilepsy affects nearly 3 million people in the United States alone. Given the fact that many people suffer from seizures that are intractable to pharmacological intervention, research groups are investigating the use of electrical stimulation to interact with and ameliorate symptoms of epileptic seizures. In mouse cortical slices made seizuregenic through chemical means, we applied precision controlled...
The wavelet transform is a natural tool for characterizing self-similar signals. In this work, the spectral exponent ?? derived from the wavelet-based representation for 1/f processes is used to investigate the self-similarity of electrocorticography (intracranial EEG) signals from an epilepsy patient. An increase in ?? leads to sample signals with smoother temporal patterns. Our computational results...
Epilepsy affects 50 million population in the world and the death rate of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the top of death rate of this population. Unfortunately, seizure prediction with a time horizon of minutes to hours remains an open issue and a clinically applicable solution is still not available. In our research, a novel seizure prediction method based on probability density...
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