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Pain management during dental procedures is a cornerstone for successful daily practice. In current practice, the traditional needle and syringe injection is used to administer local anesthesia. However, the appearance of long needles and the pain associated with it often leads to dental anxiety deterring timely interventions. Microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to...
Post-menopausal woman has a high risk to have osteoporosis. The condition of osteoporosis is characterized by the bone mineral density. The gold standard of BMD examination is using DEXA scan, but it has a problem in high cost and limited availability. So the study about the alternative to overcome the problem is necessary. The objective of this study is to measure the maximum value of periapical...
Tooth minerals consist in hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphatdehydrate. Hydroxyapatite and related biomaterials can be obtained by autochthon methods and the aim of this work was to create bio-nanomaterials with dental applications using microwave irradiation technique. Microwave extraction process from bovine bones was performed at 100–190°C using 0...
A panoramic radiography image provides not only details of teeth but also rich information about trabecular bone. Recent studies have addressed the correlation between trabecular bone structure and osteoporosis. In this paper, we collect a dataset containing 40 images from 40 different subjects, and construct a new methodology based on a two-stage classification framework that combines multiple trabecular...
This paper presents how the response frequencies of dental implant structure depend on material properties of both interfacial tissue and dental structure during the osseointegration. Firstly, artificial bone block models were used to mimic various dental implant structures (with different vertical heights of alveolar bone and cortical thickness) in clinic. The structural resonance frequencies (RFs)...
Peri-implantitis is a severe inflammatory pathology that affects soit and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. Nowadays, only prevention is effective to contrast peri-implantitis, but, in recent years, there is the clinical evidence of the efficiency of a therapy based on the application of radio frequency electric current, reporting that 81% of the cases (66 implants, 46 patients) were successfully...
Mandibular fracture, also known as fracture of alower jaw is a break in the mandibular bone. Mandibularfracture occurs due to facial injuries. After clinical observations, doctors suggest to have a radiograph to view a position of thefracture. Orthopantamogram (OPG) is suggested to viewmandible fracture and directions of fracture lines. For anengineer, automating the process of locating fracture is...
The technological development in healthcare experienced in actual days has relationship with the integration of many knowledge areas, fundamentally by searching new solutions in order to improve the quality of life of the society. Examples of this reality appears in medicine and engineering areas, where the computer-assisted techniques works together to solve many healthcare problems. In the surgical...
In modern dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, for replacement and reconstruction of bone tissue, different materials are used. The demand for bone substitute materials has increased in recent years due to increased number of road and rail accidents, loss of teeth due to poor nutrition and stress, the emergence of new trauma and tumors, and bone reconstructive surgery due to development. The aim of...
The paper proposes a system for an early warning on the prosthesis performance, in particular in terms of micro-displacements of the implant-prostheses connection, enabling actions to prevent fatal damages to the structure. The system includes a sensor for micro-displacement to be inserted in the prosthesis volume, with embedded wireless communications capabilities. Key elements of the system are...
Titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite are used successfully as a bone substitute materials. However, sometimes such biomaterials are recognized as foreign bodies in the host, show undesirable effects. These unsuitable host immune response leads to inflammatory fibrotic capsule surround the implant. In the immune response, macrophages play a critical role. Nevertheless, the effect of macrophage on biomaterial-induced...
Behavior of the peri-implant tissue following a dental implant surgery is simulated. The cascade of tissue responses starting with healing, followed by remodeling are investigated. Although different implant designs, implant widths and amounts of micro-motion during the healing period were all shown to have important effects on the long-term status of the surrounding region; the amount of micro-motion...
The study aims to highlight the role of radiodensitometric method (based on video processing) in the analysis of endodontic therapy used in some severe cases of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). Three patients (age 20–30) with severe chronic apical periodontitis were treated using non-surgical endodontic treatment. For each patient, conventional periapical radiographs were taken before and after...
Progressive peri-implant bone loss may lead to implant failure. Conventionally, the vestibular jawbone thickness (VJT) is monitored via cone beam computed tomography. Ionizing radiation and artifacts due to metallic implants, as well as superstructures, are major drawbacks of x-ray-based imaging techniques. As a non-invasive and patient-friendly alternative, high frequency ultrasonic (HFUS) micro-scanning...
This paper presents K-edge filtering and energy weighting methods which enhance the contrast with less radiation does. Usually, energy weighting methods are used with photon-counting detector based CT for each energy bin data obtained to enhance the quality of image. However, we used these methods combine with K-edge filtering in energy-integrating detector. Using K-edge filtering, different energy...
Cone-Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) is a technique for capturing images of the maxillofacial region that provides tissue views with low radiation doses. Dental implant planning and management of endodontic problems are some of its main applications. In this work, we propose an automatic methodology to analyze the volumetric CBCT data in order to segment bone tissues in the mandible. The final goal...
Variations in trabecular bone texture are known to be correlated with bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. In this paper we propose a multi-feature multi-ROI (MFMR) approach for analyzing trabecular patterns inside the oral cavity using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes. For each dental CBCT volume, a set of features including fractal dimension, multi-fractal spectrum and gradient based...
The present study was designed to investigate whether octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in alginate beads promote mouse osteoblastic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells. The result suggested that OCP/alginate beads could be a better composite used in bone regenerative therapy.
Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease characterized by low bone density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and decreasing bone mechanical force on supporting body normal activity. One of common technique used for measurement bone mass, bone mineral density or other aspect related bone structure is Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)...
Osteoporosis is the systemic bone disease that is characterized by a generalized reduction of bone mass. It is main cause of fractures in elderly women. The panoramic radiographs are most widely used in the field of dentistry with a low radiation dose and are relatively inexpensive. So it is very useful for early detection of osteoporosis. Orthopantogram shows the entire mandible. The mineral content...
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