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Biodiesel is a renewable energy that comes from natural biodiesel feedstock, such as vegetable oil, animal fat, waste oil, algae, etc. It becomes one of the best alternative solutions for global fossil fuel energy crisis, because it has similar characteristic with diesel oil (petrodiesel).
Oil and gas operations have moved from conventional petroleum reserves to unconventional petroleum reserves such as remote offshore, deep Ocean and the Arctic. The management of oil spills is especially challenging due to these conditions. Oil spills are typically due to vessels accidents, tanker discharges, wells, offshore platforms, drilling wastes, or release of refined petroleum products and their...
In order to simulate catalytic reactive distillation process for biodiesel production via transesterification accurately, the Antoine parameters of biodiesel and NRTL binary interaction coefficients were regressed using Aspen Plus Data Regression function according to the data in literatures. Then vapor pressure of biodiesel under different temperature and phase equilibrium conditions could be described...
In order to maximize the profit of a biodiesel production plant, one has to decide the numbers of unit productions and the values of controller parameters. This study addresses the problem by examining various control loops and process configuration within a process superstructure. The problem is formulated as a dynamic Mixed Integer Nonlinear Problem and is subsequently solved by using the Dynamic...
To investigate an efficient and cost effective method to catalyze transesterification reaction, the lipase immobilized on chitosan beads was introduced in the present paper with a hypothesis that the immobilized lipase could catalyze transesterification to get a high triglyceride conversion. Four immobilization methods namely cross-linking using glutaraldehyde (GLA), activation with 1-Ethyl-3 (3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)...
Waste cooking oil is a potential alternative of refined vegetable oil for biodiesel production due to its low cost and elimination of its disposal problem. The concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) in WCO dictates the type of chemical treatment required for biodiesel production: a single esterification reaction is considered at high content of FFAs, whereas, a combination of estrification and transestrification...
Biodiesel has been gaining increased attention as a nontoxic, biodegradable and renewable new green alternative diesel fuel. Production of biodiesel can be synthesized by chemical or by lipase methods, while lipase method has more advantages compared to chemical synthetic method. In this article, the microbial strains with activity of lipase were isolated from long time oil-contaminated soil and strain...
Solid alkali catalyst was prepared with CH3COONa immobilized on alumina by impregnation method. Represented with SEM, IR and BET techniques, the catalysts indicated relatively uniform particle size distribution with perfect particle surface area, pore volume and pore size. Soybean oil was catalyzed to investigate the catalysis characteristics. The results showed that the maximum conversion rate of...
The transesterification reaction of beef tallow to biodiesel using Cs2O/γ-Al2O3 as a solid base catalyst was studied. Response surface methodology and central composite rotation design were employed to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum conditions giving 95.5% biodiesel yield were: reaction time 120 min, temperature 66°C, catalyst amount 5.3% (based on the weight of oil), molar ratio of...
The release of ammonia from the industry of rare earth leads to harmful cyan bacterial bloom and consumption of non-renewable oil resources cause the energy crisis. Using an isolated strain of Chlorella sp. USTB-01, which can grow both autotrophically and heterotrophically, to remove ammonia nitrogen from the rare-earth wastewater and to produce biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that...
The world's energy consumption is estimated to be 3.36 × 1020 J per annum and is projected to increase to up to 6.3 × 1020 J in the year 2050. Due to the concern on environmental problems caused by the use of those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petrodiesel. Biodiesel is advised for use as an alternative fuel for conventional petroleum-based...
The world is entering a period of declining non-renewable energy resources popularly known as “Peak Oil”. Climate change is therefore more than a problem with a feasible solution based either in science or markets on which we are likely to reach rapid consensus. Since the mid-20th century it has projected continuation. Earth is already showing many signs of worldwide climate change. One of the greatest...
In this study, we produce biodiesel from jatropha oil through enzymatic synthesis in a re circulated packed bed reactor (PBR). A solvent free system by three stepwise addition of one equivalent molar methanol in each step was chosen for this study. The enzyme was Lipozyme IM, a 1, 3 regiospecific immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei. Initially, we scrutinized the appropriate amount of lipase by varied...
Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Raw and spent vegetable oils have attracted attention as a potential renewable resource for...
Biodiesel industry needs a cheaper and economical viable raw material that can replace the currently used vegetable oil. Obtaining cheaper raw materials are one of the continuous targets of many biodiesel producing facilities since 70 to 95 % of the production costs are attributed to raw materials. One of the main options is to use waste material from animal and plant sources. In this study, coconut...
Deoiled Jatropha curcas seed meal (DJSM), a chief waste material of oil extraction industry, will be generated on a large scale due to the growing interest in using Jatropha curcas seed oil as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Up to now, there is very little work on viable approach for the use of DJSM to the best of our knowledge. This article reports our studies on the utilization of this...
In order to solve the pollution caused by food waste, research was carried out to test the feasibility of biodiesel and ethanol production from food waste. With separation process, waste oil and rudimental solid component of food waste were obtained. Chemical synthesis was utilized for biodiesel production with oil and fermentation was chosen for ethanol production from solid parts. The result demonstrated...
The activity behavior of Novozym 435 treated with organic solvents was investigated, and the influence of several crucial parameters, including Novozym 435 dosage, oil to methanol molar ratio, reaction time and type of monohydric alcohol, on biodiesel yield was also addressed using tert-butanol as co-solvent. The results showed that the functional group as well as log P of organic solvents was an...
To screen potential oleaginous microorganisms for production of microbial lipid, thirty-one yeast strains from forest soils collected from Hunan Province, China, were tested for their potentiality to produce microbial lipid, and fourteen potential strains were further screened. The results showed that yeast strain SCIM 2.012 displayed the most potential ability in producing microbial lipid, the lipid...
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