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A mathematical expression of the output voltage from a nonuniform line was deduced by investigating the transient response of a cascaded multiple-section line to an input voltage of half-sine shape that is close to the wave shape of the pulse voltage for Z-pinch. The correctness of the mathematical expression was verified by comparing the result from the mathematical expression with that from circuit...
The electromagnetic simulation of the monolithic radial transmission lines for future Z-pinch was performed. Focusing on the difference in the maximum transmitted power efficiency between the electromagnetic simulation and the circuit simulation, the monolithic radial transmission lines with different impedance profiles (exponential, Gaussian, hyperbolic) were compared. The power efficiency for the...
Experimental, theoretical and simulation research investigations are underway on the Magneto Rayleigh-Taylor instability driven by the Mega Ampere Linear Transformer Driver at the University of Michigan. Since the Linear Transformer Driver operates at 100- kV output, inductance minimization was crucial in design of the coaxial and radial magnetically insulated transmission line that transmits power...
The circuit simulation of nonuniform transmission lines that were under consideration for the next generation of pettawatt-class z-pinch drivers was performed. It was confirmed that the power-transport efficiency of the designed radial transformer with an exponential impedance profile is higher than that with Gaussian profiles. Based on the Fourier's theorem and the principle of superposition, it...
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is the leading candidate as the next-generation technique for printing semiconductor chips at the half-pitch 22 nm node and even beyond. The source of EUV radiation remains a key issue for industrial application of EUVL. Previously, our group has designed both xenon and tin plasma as EUV source. Studies on EUV emission and plasma dynamics indicated that Z-pinch...
The current and the voltage of an X-pinch were measured. The inductance of the X-pinch was assumed to be a constant and estimated by the calculation of the magnetic field based on the well-known Biot-Savart's Law. The voltage of the inductance was calculated with Ldi/dt and subtracted from the measured voltage of the X-pinch. Then, the resistance of the X-pinch was determined and the following results...
The initial stage of single-wire and multi-wire Z-pinch were investigated by X-ray backlighting using an X-pinch as the soft X-ray source. The experiments were carried out on the pulsed power generator PPG-I (400kA/500kV/100ns) which was designed and constructed by Tsinghua University. The source X-pinch and object single-wire or multi-wire Z-pinch are installed in the place of a current-return rod...
EUV sources based on discharge produced plasma (DPP), one of which is based on xenon gas jet discharge and the other is based on laser assisted tin discharge, are being developed for the next generation lithography. To get a high power source demanded by manufacturers, the understanding of pinch dynamics corresponding to emission is important and hence fundamental investigation, such as the simulation...
Pinch dynamics of the imploding plasma and its relations with the 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions have been experimentally investigated for a laser assisted Sn based discharge produced plasma (LA-DPP) EUV source. Plasma behaviors during the discharge are clarified using the laser aided shadowgraphic technique. Temporally and spatially resolved electron density distributions obtained by...
Star wire arrays with two closely located wires (“gates”) on the inner cylinder of star wire arrays were studied. The gate wires were used to study plasma interpenetration and reproduce transparent and non-transparent regimes of propagation of the imploding plasma through the gates. The non-transparent mode of collision is typical for regular star wire arrays and it was also observed in Al stars with...
Summary form only given. Post-hole convolutes are used to combine the current from several magnetically insulated transmission lines into one anode-cathode gap. The post-hole convolute geometry produces a complex magnetic field, which can contain several magnetic nulls. Electron flow in the post-hole region can cross the anode-cathode gap, which can produce plasma and lead to further current losses...
Summary form only given. The Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF) consists of a 1 MA, 2 Z-pinch, carrying out 350 shots a year, and a 50 TW, 350 fs, one micron glass laser. Plasma diagnostics include a multiframe laser probe, optical and x-ray imaging, particle diagnostics, and x-ray spectroscopy. More recent diagnostic developments include UV shadowgraphy and UV interferometry. The NTF generates TW x-ray...
A series of Al/Mg nested wire array Z-pinch load experiments has been recently performed on the refurbished Z accelerator. The earlier comparison study of the results from ID and 2D radiation MHD simulations of the Sandia Z1907/1908 experiments [Y. K. Chong, et. al, APS09] has shown that, in addition to the substantial difference in the prediction capability of the ID and 2D models, the radiation...
The initial stage of wire-array Z-pinch by x-ray backlighting using the X-pinch driven by PPG-I, a pulsed power generator with a current of 400 kA in amplitude and 100 ns in pulse width, as x-ray source. The backlighting images show clearly the processes similar to those occurring in the initial stages of a cylindrical wire-array Z-pinch, including the electric explosion of single wires characterized...
Most of the modern high-current high-voltage pulsed power generators require several stages of pulse conditioning (pulse forming) to convert the multi-microsecond pulses of the Marx generator output to the 40-300 ns pulse required by a number of applications including x-ray radiography, pulsed high current linear accelerators, Z-pinch, isentropic compression (ICE), and inertial fusion energy (IFE)...
Summary form only given. We have developed and successfully operated a "gas anode" for use with z-pinch plasma radiation x-ray sources (PRS). The gas anode replaces the multiple solid anode-current- return rods of a standard PRS with a cylindrical shell of low atomic number gas. Beginning at the start of current flow, either via pre-ionization by UV flashboards or via high voltage breakdown,...
Summary form only given. Exploding wire is performed by rapidly heating the wire to vaporization temperature with a high current pulse flowing through the wire. Exploding wires have found many applications among which are the opening switches named fuses in the circuits for inductive energy storage, the discharge loads of X-pinch or Z-pinches, namely wire array Z-pinches, and the production of nanopowders...
Recent wire-array Z-pinch experiments performed on the MAGPIE generator at Imperial College are presented at currents up to 1.5 MA. Experiments have been conducted using a variety of array configurations, including radial wire arrays, cylindrical arrays, and coiled arrays.
Summary form only given. We present the progress on the development of a new idea of using high-Mach number high-density composite plasma jets from coaxial plasma guns for disruption mitigation in tokamak1 and magneto-inertial fusion2 (MIF). The key element of the idea is the solid state pulsed power source with TiH2 (or TiDT) grains and C6o micron size powder3. Very fast injection of the molecular...
Summary form only given. Discharge-pumped soft X-ray laser devices were designed and manufactured in many laboratories in the world. All of them, which are routinely functioning, achieve population inversion according to electron-collisional excitation pumping scheme. However, scaling down their wavelength has been unsuccessful not only because it requires much larger power, but also because it needs...
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