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A WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is made out of various number of hubs each of which comprise of detecting gadgets or sensing device to gather information from environment. These detecting gadgets are given processing unit to perform operations on information. These gadgets are conveyed arbitrarily in remote environment, because of which battery charging or substitution is not viewed as down to earth...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a large number of tiny sensor nodes. These nodes are intelligent of sensing and monitoring the environmental or physical condition like temperature, sound, pressure, motion, etc. and communicating with other nodes. Sensor nodes in WSN have limited power and energy constraint hence it becomes necessary to efficiently use these resources. Energy consumption is...
Even after 16 years of existence, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is still gaining the attention of the research community working in the area of wireless sensor network (WSN). This itself shows the importance of this protocol. Researchers have come up with various and diverse modifications of the LEACH protocol. Successors of LEACH protocol are now available from single...
Wireless sensor network consists of various nodes that are basically used for the calculation and transmission of the data. These nodes are battery powered due to which energy of a node plays a vital role. The amount of the energy used up by any node while the data is transmitted, it needs to be optimized so that the less amount of energy is consumed. The efficiency of the WSN depends on the numerous...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), efficient use of the nodes' available energy is the main goal which most of the routing protocols seek to achieve. In fact, clustering based routing protocols have gained vast approval due to its merit of less energy exhaustion. The expended energy by one cluster is divided into two main terms, namely, the expended energy in intra-cluster communication (Intra-term)...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an experimental advance technology zigzag enables users to intertwine govern prole vigorous order of their geographical deliver thus stray then referred to as a tuning of fewer networks. A Hoop-la-hoc raucous is an adaptive, self-organizing tackle in mutable, ought to be accomplished to Hawks haw the publication of Dick successive apparatus zigzag pull off fundamental...
Due to the inherent limitations of the sensor nodes (SNs) and the distributed nature of information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy efficient routing protocols have received significant research attention. Hierarchical routing based on clustering have been proven to be an effective method for energy-efficiency. Moreover, the presence of heterogeneous nodes with varied initial energies can...
Recent advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas (e.g., health, military, home). Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have...
Traditional routing protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS, TEEN etc. are no longer appropriate for the Energy Harvesting-Wireless Sensing element Networks (EH-WSN). Requirement is that WSN must have low energy consumption. Machine Learning algorithms can be used for minimizing energy consumption. Thus our main objective is to develop machine learning based routing protocol, which is having energy harvested...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contain some of sensor nodes which interact with others through physical parameters like sunlight, wind, vibration, humidity etc. From Base Station (BS) Sensor node sends and receives data to or from wireless stations. Clustering schemes in WSN are two types homogeneous schemes and heterogeneous schemes. In Homogeneous scheme initial energy is same for each node but in...
Power consumption of routing protocols is one of the main issues that wireless sensor networks (WSNs) encounter in their lifetime. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) clustering protocol was introduced to reduce power consumption. However, in LEACH, power consumption increases massively as the distance between sink node and cluster heads (CHs) increases. This drawback introduces distance...
Wireless sensor networks are one of the fast growing technologies in communication field, because of their compact size and ability to work in rugged conditions where human reach is not possible. This paper discusses about H-LEACH, which is used to solve problems of energy considerations while electing a channel head. H-LEACH considers residual and maximum energy of nodes for every round while electing...
Wireless sensor network is one of the developing ranges of research in present situation. A Wireless sensor network comprises of geographically dispersed self-governing tiny sensor nodes with little battery life to screen and control over the physical parameters or ecological conditions, for example, temperature, sound, pressure, humidity and so on and this data is gone by the sensor nodes in the...
The energy in wireless sensor networks is a restrictive resource which primarily affects the life of nodes. Many routing protocols use clustering mechanism to optimize the network lifetime. A problem can occur if the allocation of cluster members is not uniformly distributed. In case of LEACH protocol there are great differences in cluster sizes. Consequently, the energy load of such network becomes...
LEACH protocol called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, is a protocol that allows the formation of distributed cluster. In each cluster, LEACH randomly selects some sensor nodes called cluster heads (CHs). The selection of CHs is made with a probabilistic calculation. It is supposed that each non-CH node joins a cluster and becomes a cluster member. Nevertheless, some CHs can be concentrated...
Forest is one of the most valuable and indispensible natural resource. The forest fire is one of the natural disasters that destroy the forest not only in India but countries like Australia, USA etc which is called as bush fire, wild fire respectively. Now in terms of deploying Wireless Sensor Networks for forest fire monitoring and detection, there is a need to investigate appropriate routing protocol...
Wireless Sensor Network is a rising technology that guarantees ample amount of applications in various domains. The creations of WSNs completely rely on existence of various hardware and software and WSN developed with limited battery life. Many WSN routing protocols are designed so that it makes use of fewer resources and improve the performance and lifetime of network. Energy consumption is one...
Energy consumption is one of the constraints in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The routing protocols are the hot areas to address quality-of-service (QoS) related issues, viz., energy consumption, network lifetime, network scalability, and packet overhead. The key issue in WSN is that these networks suffer from the packet overhead, which is the root cause of more energy consumption and degrade the...
Extended network lifetime and load balancing are important requirements for many WSN applications. There are many clustering routing schemes for homogeneous proactive and reactive WSNs but they suffer from the problem of uneven load distribution and back transmission. This paper presents an energy efficient load balanced clustering scheme with away cluster head (ACH) scheme and free association mechanism...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are made up of tiny sensor nodes which sense the data and communicate to the base station via other nodes. These sensor nodes are inexpensive portable devices with limited processing power and energy resources which make them in need of smart clustering protocols. Many clustering and routing protocols were proposed in the literature to serve large networks of such tiny...
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