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The decrease of fossil fuel resources and the awareness of the impact of greenhouse gases emissions on the environment have created a need to find alternative energy sources to replace traditional ones. Thus, recent years have seen the development of several sectors of renewable energy production with the government incentives. The production of biodiesel is an alternative of production of non-toxic,...
Single stage production of biodiesel is achieved by the transesterification of used cooking oil. The presence of high free fatty acid (FFA) content showed insignificant effect on the transesterification reaction, and even the FFA was effectively converted into the methyl ester under basic medium. The reaction was done in a closed stainless steel reactor, where the solvothermal condition of methanol...
Acid oil having free fatty acids and glycerides produced through soybean soapstock can reduce the cost of biodiesel production. Optimization of H2SO4 catalyzed process was completed by carrying out a central composite design and a quadratic polynomial model was obtained. When methanol/oil molar ratio was 35.49:1, catalyst was 11.59% relative to the weight of acid oil, reaction time was 4.58 hours,...
Long chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (LACSs) activate free fatty acid to acyl-CoA thioesters, and play important roles in the biosynthesis and degradation of lipids. In this study, a Brassica napus LACS gene has been found through in silicon cloning. The gene is 2,270 bp with 2,004 bp of open reading frame (ORF), encoding a LACS with 667 amino acid residues designated BnLACS4. Sequence analysis...
A mixed meal model was developed to capture the gut absorption of glucose, protein, and free fatty acid (FFA) from a mixed meal into the circulatory system. The output of the meal model served as a disturbance to the extended minimal model [3], which successfully captured plasma FFA, glucose and insulin concentration dynamics and interactions. A model predictive controller (MPC) was synthesized to...
A mixed meal model was developed to capture the gut absorption of glucose, protein, and free fatty acid (FFA) from a mixed meal into the circulatory system. The output of the meal model served as a disturbance to the extended minimal model [3], which successfully captured plasma FFA, glucose and insulin concentration dynamics and interactions. A model predictive controller (MPC) was synthesized to...
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