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Transmission expansion planning (TEP) is generally determined by peak demands. To improve the efficiency and sustainability of energy systems, attention has been paid to demand response programs (DRPs) and distributed generation (DG). DRPs and DG will also have significant impacts on the controllability and economics of power systems, from short-term scheduling to long-term planning. In this study,...
Demand side management has been widely accepted as an efficient way to provide a clean, flexible power reserve capacity for mitigating price spikes in wholesale energy markets and as a mechanism to enhance system reliability for electricity consumers during peak load periods. The California Consumer Power and Conservation Financing Authority (CPA), on behalf of the State of California, initiated and...
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