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In disaster situations, networks are fragmented due to the disruptions of communication infrastructure and stable connectivity between nodes is not guaranteed. Therefore, opportunistic forwarding based on delay tolerant networks (DTN) should be used for message delivery in such disaster situations. Also, information centric network (ICN) approach can be used for communication of urgent messages to...
As telecommunication networks are a critical infrastructure of our society, they must evolve to provide high end-to-end availability and high resilience to large-scale disasters. Path protection mechanisms can improve end-to-end availability but, in general, might not be enough to reach the availability required by critical services. Moreover, adding geodiversity to the routing paths (i.e., selecting...
Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) comprises of nodes with small and limited resources including power and memory capacity. We propose the use of DTN as an alternate means of communication for the dissemination of emergency information in a post-disaster evacuation operation. We investigate the performance of DTN in providing emergency communication support services under packet dropping attacks. We consider...
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring, dynamically adaptable networks of heterogeneous devices, some of which can assume the role of routers. Meanwhile, mobile computing is an increasingly pervasive technology worldwide, thus positioning MANETs as a very suitable technology for disaster scenarios. This article addresses the problem of guaranteeing a minimum operational infrastructure...
During natural disasters, such as earthquakes, apart of the Internet access infrastructure can be damaged, leaving many users disconnected. At the same time, many peopleneed to communicate to find their relatives and receive officialnotifications about the current situation. This paper presents anevaluation of different techniques for extending network coveragein such scenarios. We use real-world...
This paper presents a thorough analysis of the behavior of a bio-inspired model to care for casualties in a disaster. The model was proposed by the authors in a previous paper and a simulation based on it was performed and evaluated. Here, we analyze the evolution of the system and the impact that various model parameters can have over it. Once the behavior is well understood, we can then focus our...
This paper analyzes the survivability of a physical network against earthquakes and proposes spatial network design rules to make a network robust against earthquakes. The disaster area model used is fairly generic and bounded. The proposed design rules for physical networks include: 1) a shorter zigzag route can reduce the probability that a network intersects a disaster area, 2) an additive performance...
DTN is a type of network with the routing strategy of storage and forward. Owing to the character of high latency, low transfer rate and intermittent connectivity, it is difficult to maintain the reliability of end to end paths. Hence the research of DTN protocol is meaningful and critical. In this paper, we assume a vehicle network scenario in the disaster. There exists significant performance degradation...
A bio-inspired model to care for casualties in a disaster is presented and a simulation based on this model is performed and evaluated. The model uses a queuing system inspired by the behavior of immune systems and an ACO-like heuristic for routing casualties across overloaded medical centers. The simulation results are promising. Our model can be modified to be used for the evacuation of population...
We developed an adaptive architecture for ad hoc communications to be used in emergency conditions. Emergencies could be caused by natural or man made disasters. Such events are difficult to predict. Therefore, their situations are accompanied by uncertainty. The experiences of various emergency situations and the related research strongly indicate that reliable and robust communications could facilitate...
Emergency Telemedicine Service (ETS) is used efficiently for treatment to the wound patient in disaster areas. However, ETS cannot be used if the primary network channel is unavailable due to unexpected damages on the communication infrastructures, and increased network traffics. We established the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) based on Wireless LAN (WLAN), and developed software program implemented...
We present a session initiation protocol (SIP) network design for a voice-over-IP (VoIP) network to prevent congestion caused by people calling friends and family after a disaster. The design increases the capacity of SIP servers in a network by using all the SIP servers equally. The design uses a property that SIP network elements do not carry voice data packets but signaling packets instead. Furthermore,...
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