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Abdominal cocoon is a rare condition that results in an intestinal obstruction due to total or partial encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrocollagenous membrane. Treatment is surgical resection of the membrane and free the bowel. Preoperative diagnosis is possible with combination of sonography and CT scan. We report two cases where the diagnosis of abdominal cocoon was suggested preoperatively...
Studies on joint effects of toxic compounds and temperature have clearly shown that single stressor tests often underestimate the critical limits of the stressor evaluated. In the present study, the joint effects of nonylphenol (NP) and high (25–35°C) or low (1.4 to −6.4°C) temperatures in Dendrobaena octaedra were elucidated. The effects of these combined stresses were analyzed in a multiplicative...
The cocoon of the leech Theromyzon trizonare consists of fibrils packed into an arrangement that produces both C- and S-like patterns of bow-shaped lines in sections oblique through the membrane. Sections normal to the cocoon membrane show layers containing cross-sections of fibrils (approximately 16 nm dia.) that are separated by a center-to-center distance of approximately 23 nm. In cross-section,...
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