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Atlantoaxial transarticular facet screw fixation (Magerl technique) and C1 lateral mass screws combined with C2 pedicle screws fixation (Harms technique) are the most commonly used techniques for posterior internal fixation in the upper cervical spine. Upper cervical spinal surgery is a technically demanding and challenging procedure because of complicated anatomical structures and frequent occurrence...
Objectives
To establish a dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) model of upper cervical spine instability and to analyze its biomechanical characteristics.
Methods
A 3D geometrical model was established after CT scanning of the upper cervical spine specimen. The ligament of the specimen was fatigued to establish the upper cervical spine‐instability model. A 100‐N preloaded stress was applied to the upper...
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