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Life history theory and most empirical studies assume carry‐over effects of larval conditions to shape adult fitness through their impact on metamorphic traits (age and mass at metamorphosis). Yet, very few formal tests of this connection across metamorphosis exist, because this entails longitudinal studies from the egg stage and requires measuring fitness in (semi)natural conditions. In a longitudinal...
Prey often reduce predation risk at the cost of lower resource intake. The cumulative effects of such tradeoffs can alter resource allocation, demography and evolutionary processes. We show how the accumulation of risk effects reduces the growth rate of wild North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum, and simulate three evolutionary responses related to lifetime reproductive success. Individual...
It was suggested that parasite infections become more severe with rising temperature, as expected during global warming. In ectothermic systems, the growth of a parasite and therefore its reproductive capacity is expected to increase with temperature. However, the outcome of the interaction depends on the temperature optima of both host and parasite. Here we used experimental infections of three‐spined...
Understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly helps to define success and susceptibility to biological invasions. Here, we explored phytoplankton community assembly following niche and neutral paradigms and using a trait‐based approach. Under the hypothesis that the morphology‐based functional groups (MBFG) clusters species with similar niche, we analysed how trait‐related differences...
Metabolic plasticity in response to different environmental conditions is widespread across taxa. It is reasonable to expect that such plasticity should be adaptive, but only few studies have determined the adaptive significance of metabolic plasticity by formally estimating selection on metabolic rate under different environmental conditions. We used a model marine colonial invertebrate, Bugula neritina...
Environmental conditions experienced by individuals early in life can extend into adult phenotypes with potential fitness consequences. Such environmental effects can be relevant for host species affected by parasitism, because poor early life conditions may lower parasite recognition or anti‐parasite defenses and increase the risk of future parasitism. Here we provide a first test of this possibility...
Pulsed resource environments are known for their marked variations in resource availability over space and time. Animals living in such environments usually increase reproduction after resources become available. Some small mammal populations, however, may use environmental cues that precede large crops of seeds (e.g. pollen, flowers, unripe seeds) to ‘predict' mast‐seeding events and reproduce in...
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