Obesity
ObjectiveIndividuals with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) are commonly restricted to 60‐75% of height‐appropriate calorie intake because they rapidly become obese on a normal diet. This study measured changes in energy expenditure, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and metabolic flexibility in response to a meal in PWS adults.
Methods11 adults with PWS were compared with 12 adiposity‐matched and 10 lean...
ObjectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults. It has not been established whether NAFLD is related to early atherosclerotic changes in children.
MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 78 non diabetic, non smoking children with severe obesity were evaluated for NAFLD. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was...
ObjectiveTo examine whether changes in modifiable risk factors [physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body weight, and diet composition] are associated with the transition to metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHOW) versus metabolically abnormal overweight/obese.
MethodsAnalysis included 1,358 adults [aged 25.0 (3.5) years] from the CARDIA study who were healthy at baseline and...
ObjectiveThe longitudinal trajectories of body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity have not been evaluated using precise body composition methods. This study investigated the relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and offspring body composition trajectories during the first 6 years of life.
MethodsHealthy infants (N = 325) were assessed longitudinally...
ObjectiveTo assess the effects of a 12‐week gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (“LA Sprouts”) on dietary intake, obesity parameters, and metabolic disease risk among low‐income, primarily Hispanic/Latino youth in Los Angeles.
MethodsThe randomized controlled trial involved four elementary schools [two schools randomized to intervention (172 third–through fifth‐grade students); two schools...
ObjectiveWhole‐body protein metabolism is dysregulated with obesity. The goal of the study was to determine whether activity and expression of major protein degradation pathways are compromised specifically in human skeletal muscle with obesity.
MethodsPrimary human skeletal muscle (HSkM) cell cultures were utilized since cellular mechanisms can be studied absent of hormones and contractile activity...
ObectiveGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists are indicated for treatment of type 2 diabetes since they mimic the actions of native GLP‐1 on pancreatic islet cells, stimulating insulin release, while inhibiting glucagon release, in a glucose‐dependent manner. The observation of weight loss has led to exploration of their potential as antiobesity agents, with liraglutide 3.0 mg day−1 approved...
Objective
To identify possible mechanisms linking obesity in pregnancy to increased fetal adiposity and growth, a unique mouse model of maternal obesity associated with fetal overgrowth was developed, and the hypothesis that maternal obesity causes up‐regulation of placental nutrient transporter expression and activity was tested.
Methods
C57BL/6J female mice were fed a control (C) or a high‐fat/high‐sugar...
Objective
Evaluate associations between TV viewing and weight status in children from kindergarten to first grade.
Methods
Linear and logistic regression was used to evaluate associations of TV‐viewing time on BMI‐z‐score cross‐sectionally at kindergarten and first grade and longitudinally in between, among a nationally representative sample of 14,645 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal...
Objective
To test whether enhancing the capability of adipose tissue to store lipids using antioxidant supplementation may prevent the lipotoxic effects and improve the metabolic profile of long‐term obesity.
Methods
C57BL/6J mice were randomized into three experimental groups for 28 weeks: control group (n = 10) fed chow diet (10% kcal from fat), obese group (O, n = 12) fed high‐fat (HF) diet...
Objective
To investigate the role of skeletal muscle (SkM) interleukin (IL)‐6 in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.
Methods
Muscle‐specific IL‐6 knockout (IL‐6 MKO) and IL‐6loxP/loxP (Floxed) mice were subjected to standard rodent diet (Chow), high‐fat diet (HFD), or HFD in combination with exercise training (HFD ExTr) for 16 weeks.
Results
Total fat mass increased (P < 0.05) in...
Objective
Obesity before pregnancy is associated with a greater risk for the offspring to develop obesity and diabetes in childhood and adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between maternal overweight or obesity before pregnancy and newborn oxidative stress (OS).
Methods
Seventy‐two mother‐child pairs were divided according to the pre‐gestational body mass index...
Objective
In this study, unique body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 1 to 20 years were identified; each trajectory according to socio demographic and family characteristics was described.
Methods
Participants came from two national population surveys (n = 7,253; n = 901) and were aged 1‐6 years at baseline. Children were surveyed biennially over eight waves up to 14‐20 years of age. BMI...
Objective
To characterize the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all‐cause mortality among adults with hypertension.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with hypertension from The Health Improvement Network primary care research database in the United Kingdom. Mortality rates within each BMI category were compared after adjustment for age, sex, pre existing medical...
Objective
To compare energy intake, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), nonexercise energy expenditure (NEEx), resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonexercise physical activity (NEPA), and sedentary time between participants with weight loss <5% (nonresponders) vs. ≥5% (responders) in response to exercise.
Methods
Adults (18‐30 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI 25‐40 kg/m2) were randomized to...
Objective
The aim was to assess associations between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in a multinational study of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development.
Methods
The sample included 6,025 children 9–11 years of age. Behavioral risk factors included nocturnal sleep duration, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), television viewing (TV time), and healthy...
Sane Vianna Pereira,
Mariane dos Santos,
Patrícia Garcia Rodrigues,
Jonathan Fraportti do Nascimento,
more
Objective
The aim of this study was to correlate different degrees of excess weight with the expression of podocyte‐associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in urine.
Methods
The sample comprised 83 patients with overweight or obesity class I, II, or III and 18 healthy controls. The expression of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, α‐actinin‐4, α3β1integrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming...