International Journal of Climatology

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UV and global solar radiation in Łódź, Central Poland

Agnieszka Podstawczyńska

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 1 - 10

With the overall aim of quantifying urban atmospheric effects on different parts of the solar spectrum, a multi year analysis of data collected at Łódź was undertaken. UV (290–400 nm) and global solar radiation measured by means of a Kipp and Zonen CUV3 radiometer and a Kipp and Zonen CM11 pyranometer in the center of Łódź between 1997 and 2001 are analysed. The mean annual sum of global and UV solar...

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Climatic forcing of glacier thinning on the mountains of equatorial East Africa

Stefan Hastenrath

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 146 - 152

Equatorial glaciers are particularly climate sensitive components of the environment and their area shrinkage is spectacular, but the quantitative appraisal of climatic forcing requires information on net balance and changing ice thickness. Unique in the tropical belt, observations of mass budget and surface topography have been gathered by decades‐long monitoring on Mount Kenya, particularly its...

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Multi‐scales and multi‐sites analyses of the role of rainfall in cotton yields in West Africa

Benjamin Sultan, Marthe Bella‐Medjo, Alexis Berg, Philippe Quirion, more

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 58 - 71

Cotton is the main tradable crop of West and Central African countries, representing for some countries the main exported agricultural product. Cotton is then of major concern since it represents an important source of income, accounting for more than a tenth of total exports. Moreover, the subsector as a whole is essential for rural poverty reduction. Since cotton is a rainfed crop in these countries,...

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Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

Yanling Song, Hans W. Linderholm, Deliang Chen, Alexander Walther

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 33 - 43

Observed 20th century changes in the length of the growing season (GS) across the Northern Hemisphere have been linked to increasing temperatures, associated with global warming. Past studies of GS changes in China have largely been based on phenological observations and satellite data, and little attention has been paid to changes in starting and ending dates of GS. Here we examine changes in the...

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An assessment of temperature and precipitation change projections over Italy from recent global and regional climate model simulations

Erika Coppola, Filippo Giorgi

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 11 - 32

We present an assessment of climate change projections over the Italian peninsula for the 21st century from the CMIP3 global and PRUDENCE regional model experiments. We consider the A2, A1B, B2 and B1 emission scenarios. The climate change signal over Italy varies seasonally, with maximum warming in summer (up to several °C) and minimum in winter, decreased precipitation over the entire peninsula...

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Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

S. S. Kandalgaonkar, J. R. Kulkarni, M. I. R. Tinmaker, M. K. Kulkarni

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 137 - 145

Land‐ocean contrasts in the lightning activity over Indian land and two surrounding oceanic regions viz. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal have been studied. Satellite‐based lightning flash data for 5‐year (1998–2002) period have been used. The study revealed that lightning activity over Bay of Bengal was three times higher than that over Arabian Sea and 9.3 times lower than that over land. The bimodal...

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An analytical framework for estimating the urban effect on climate

Benjamin Lamptey

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 72 - 88

The surface energy budget has been used to illustrate the influence of urban landscape on both global and regional climate. This was done using empirical as well as remotely sensed data of components of the surface energy equation. At the global scale, the urban land cover has the least impact on the sensible and latent heat fluxes compared to the other land cover types. Replacing the urban land cover...

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Validation of the abrupt change in GPCP precipitation in the Congo River Basin

Xungang Yin, Arnold Gruber

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 110 - 119

The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation exhibits a significant negative trend during 1979–2004 over southern tropical Africa from the Congo River Basin to the east coast. This trend appears as a more than 20% drop beginning in 1992 in the 6‐year and 9‐year averages of the areal mean GPCP satellite‐gauge precipitation, whose magnitude is largely determined by the gauge...

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Effect of the climate shift around mid 1970s on the relationship between wintertime Ural blocking circulation and East Asian climate

Lin Wang, Wen Chen, Wen Zhou, Johnny C. L. Chan, more

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 153 - 158

Blocking variability over the Ural Mountain region in the boreal winter and its relationship with the East Asian winter climate is investigated. The climate shift around mid 1970s has been shown to exert a significant influence on the blocking pattern. In contrast with the years before 1976/1977, the Ural blocking signal after 1976/1977 is found to propagate less into the stratosphere and more eastward...

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Influence of ENSO on multi‐annual temperature variations at Hongyuan, NE Qinghai‐Tibet plateau: evidence from δ¹³C of spruce tree rings

Hai Xu, Yetang Hong, Bing Hong, Yongxuan Zhu, more

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 120 - 126

Influence of ENSO on global temperature variations has aroused wide attention. However, little is known about this effect at regions where different monsoons prevail. In this study, we measured δ¹³C of spruce trees (picea likiangensis var. rubescens) and reconstructed temperature variations during the past 270 years at Hongyuan, the Zoige plateau where Indian summer monsoon (ISM) dominates. Temperature...

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Recent severe heat waves in central Europe: how to view them in a long‐term prospect?

Jan Kyselý

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 89 - 109

The study examines whether recent occurrences of severe heat waves in central Europe were exceptional in the context of past fluctuations, and estimates their recurrence probabilities under several climate change scenarios. Using data from a network of meteorological stations in the Czech Republic since 1961, it is found that 1994 was the year with the most severe heat waves over majority of the area...

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Influence of cloudiness over the values of erythemal radiation in Valencia, Spain

A. R. Esteve, M. J. Marín, F. Tena, M. P. Utrillas, more

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 127 - 136

The influence of cloudiness over experimental UV erythemal radiation (UVER) has been studied. This influence has been analysed considering total cloudiness and low clouds. The measurements of cloudiness correspond to the daily values registered at 13:00 GMT at the Meteorological Centre of Valencia, which is part of the State Agency of Meteorology of Spain (AEMET). The UVER measurements were made using...

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Microclimate modelling of street tree species effects within the varied urban morphology in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel

Limor Shashua‐Bar, Oded Potchter, Arieh Bitan, Dalia Boltansky, more

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 1 > 44 - 57

Microclimate formation and its significance in urban planning was examined through two components that predominate in affecting the city's climate: built‐up morphology and urban shade trees. The methodological approach focus is on a generalization procedure for quantifying the thermal effect of any studied situation through parameterization of the vegetated variables and the built‐up forms. The analysis...

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Predominant modes of winter surface wind variability over the Gulf of Alaska

Bingyi Wu, Mark Johnson

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 256 - 266

Two distinct modes extracted from winter (Dec.–Mar.) monthly mean surface wind variability over the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and part of the northeast Pacific Ocean have been identified along with their associations with sea surface temperature (SST), coastal downwelling, surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP). The leading mode of surface wind variability, accounting for 45% of the...

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Seasonal prediction of summertime tropical cyclone activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation regression and the Poisson regression

Hyeong‐Seog Kim, Chang‐Hoi Ho, Pao‐Shin Chu, Joo‐Hong Kim

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 210 - 219

In the present study, we have employed two statistical models to predict summertime (July–September) tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation (LAD) regression and the Poisson regression method. Through a lagged correlation analysis of the relationship between the seasonal TC frequency in the target region and several pre‐season environmental parameters...

article

Transport trajectories of dust originating from the Tarim Basin, China

Hang Gao, Richard Washington

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 291 - 304

Although Asian dust's significant environmental and social impacts during its transport process has stimulated a concerted research effort to better understand its transportation characteristics, progress in understanding dust transport from individual key dust source areas has remained limited. For example, there has been no research focussing on the transport trajectory of dust released from the...

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Secular and multidecadal warmings in the North Atlantic and their relationships with major hurricane activity

David B. Enfield, Luis Cid‐Serrano

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 174 - 184

Analysis of recent literature finds weaknesses in arguments to the effect that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO)—roughly 50–90 year fluctuations in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures—is externally forced by anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases rather than an internal climate mode, plus indications from other sources that the contrary may be true. We are led to the conclusion...

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A hydroclimatic index for examining patterns of drought in the Colorado River Basin

Andrew W. Ellis, Gregory B. Goodrich, Gregg M. Garfin

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 236 - 255

To better understand drought occurrence in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) of the southwestern United States we used a hydroclimatic index to create a historical record of drought coverage and analysed the linear trend and relationships with key climate teleconnections. The past century was characterized by an increase in drought coverage during the warm portion of the year almost exclusively as a...

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The spatial pattern of summertime subtropical anticyclones over Asia and Africa: A climatological review

Azar Zarrin, Hooshang Ghaemi, Majid Azadi, Manuchehr Farajzadeh

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 159 - 173

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR) monthly mean reanalysis dataset has been used to analyze spatial variations of summertime subtropical anticyclones over the Asia–Africa region. The geopotential height and zonal wind components of 1000, 500, 200, and 100 hPa in a 30‐year period (1971–2000) have been used to determine the spatial...

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Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

M. D. Martínez, C. Serra, A. Burgueño, X. Lana

International Journal of Climatology > 30 > 2 > 267 - 290

Daily maximum and minimum temperatures, T_max and T_min, and diurnal temperature range, DTR, from 37 temperature stations in Catalonia (NE Spain) are analyzed to detect significant daily time trends for the period 1975–2004. The homogeneity of the series is tested by means of the Standard Normal Homogeneity, the Buishand range and the Pettitt tests. The lack of randomness of the series, suggesting time...

INFONA - science communication portal

International Journal of Climatology

UV and global solar radiation in Łódź, Central Poland

Climatic forcing of glacier thinning on the mountains of equatorial East Africa

Multi‐scales and multi‐sites analyses of the role of rainfall in cotton yields in West Africa

Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951–2007

An assessment of temperature and precipitation change projections over Italy from recent global and regional climate model simulations

Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

An analytical framework for estimating the urban effect on climate

Validation of the abrupt change in GPCP precipitation in the Congo River Basin

Effect of the climate shift around mid 1970s on the relationship between wintertime Ural blocking circulation and East Asian climate

Influence of ENSO on multi‐annual temperature variations at Hongyuan, NE Qinghai‐Tibet plateau: evidence from δ¹³C of spruce tree rings

Recent severe heat waves in central Europe: how to view them in a long‐term prospect?

Influence of cloudiness over the values of erythemal radiation in Valencia, Spain

Microclimate modelling of street tree species effects within the varied urban morphology in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel

Predominant modes of winter surface wind variability over the Gulf of Alaska

Seasonal prediction of summertime tropical cyclone activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation regression and the Poisson regression

Transport trajectories of dust originating from the Tarim Basin, China

Secular and multidecadal warmings in the North Atlantic and their relationships with major hurricane activity

A hydroclimatic index for examining patterns of drought in the Colorado River Basin

The spatial pattern of summertime subtropical anticyclones over Asia and Africa: A climatological review

Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

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