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The success of implants in orthopaedic and dental load‐bearing applications crucially depends on the initial biological fixation of implants in surrounding bone tissues. Using hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on Ti implant as carrier for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) may promote the osteointegration of implants; therefore, reduce the risk of implant failure. The goal of this study was to develop an...
Despite advances in surgical methods, postsurgical adhesions (PSA) remain a significant clinical challenge affecting millions of patients each year. These permanent fibrous connections between tissues result from the bridging of wounded internal surfaces by an extended fibrin gel matrix (FGM). Adhesion formation is a result of a systems level convergence of wound healing pathways, complicating the...
This study evaluated the influence of surfactant dimethacrylates (SD) on the resin‐to‐dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and characterized the interfacial micromorphology of the hybrid layer of the experimental HEMA‐free self‐etching systems. Five experimental HEMA‐free two‐step self‐etching systems containing different SD (Bis‐EMA 10, Bis‐EMA 30, PEG 400, PEG 1000, and PEG 400 UDMA) and a HEMA‐containing...
Silk fibroin has been successfully used as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. To prepare silk fibroin biomaterials for human implantation a series of processing steps are required to purify the protein. Degumming to remove inflammatory sericin is a crucial step related to biocompatibility and variability in the material. Detailed characterization of silk fibroin degumming is reported. The degumming...
A glass‐reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) composite, recently registered as Bonelike®, was developed for bone grafting. This biomaterial is composed of a modified HA matrix with α‐ and β‐tricalcium phosphate secondary phases and ionic species that mimic the chemical composition of human bone. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the benefits of these properties. However, these studies...
In‐body tissue, architecture technology represents a promising approach for the development of living heart valve replacements and preparation of a series of biovalves. To reduce the degree of regurgitation and increase the orifice ratio, we designed a novel mold for a type VI biovalve. The mold had an outer diameter of 14 mm for implantation in beagles, and it was prepared by assembling two silicone...
Applying bioactive coatings on orthopedic implants can increase the fixation and long‐term implant survival. In our study, we compared a resorbable electrochemically deposited calcium phosphate coating (Bonit®) to a thin (40 μm) plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, applied on grit‐blasted screw‐shaped Ti‐6Al‐4V implants in the cortical region of rabbit tibia, implanted for 6, 12, and 52 weeks...
Nitinol wires have been widely used in many biomedical applications, such as cardiovascular stent due to their superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, their corrosion properties and the related biocompatibility are not well understood, and the reported results are controversial. In this study, we evaluate the pitting corrosion property of nitinol, titanium, nickel, and 316L stainless steel...
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize biodegradable microcapsules based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylcellulose (EC) for a controlled delivery of calcium hydroxide. Phase separation technique was adopted to synthesize calcium hydroxide‐loaded PLA/EC microcapsules. Four PLA/EC blends (4/1, 1/1, 1/4, pure EC) were used as shell materials and the input ratio of calcium hydroxide to shell...
Physeal fracture is a common pediatric fracture that would result in premature physeal closure in long bones, and there is currently no gold standard for its management. In this study, we investigated the application of a Bioengineered Cartilage Pellet (BCP) in repairing a rabbit physeal fracture model, and the possible effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment. Rabbits with physeal...
Mg is a biodegradable biomaterial which may release particles (MP) to the environment. The possible cyto‐ and genotoxic effects of MP derived from magnesium powder (mesh 325) were analyzed on rat osteosarcoma UMR106 cells in order simulate the effect of Mg debris. Neutral red (NR) incorporation and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining techniques were used as endpoints to analyze the cytotoxic...
While chitosan (CS) has been researched widely as a non‐viral vector, its usefulness has been limited by its low cell specificity and transfection efficiency. Therefore, we successfully synthesized galactosylated chitosan (GC) and complexed it with an enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid (pIRES‐EGFP) for transfection into cultured H22 cells (murine hepatic cancer cell line) using various GC/EGFP...
A novel magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic method, 3DΔR2‐mMRA (three dimensional and ΔR2 based microscopy magnetic resonance angiography), is developed as a clinical diagnosis for depicting the function and structure of cerebral small vessels. However, the visibility of microvasculatures and the precision of cerebral blood volume calculation greatly rely on the transverse relaxivity and intravascular...
The aim of this study was to fabricate porous spherical hydroxyapatite (HA) granules with interconnected pore channels for use as a bone graft substitute. Various weights of camphene porogen were mixed with nano‐sized HA powder (camphene/HA = 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% w/w) and 10% gelatin aqueous solution then added to the mixture. The water‐in‐oil emulsion method was employed to obtain spherical‐shaped...
Novel non‐thermal plasma (NTP) technology has the potential to address the bonding issues of Y‐TZP and Ti surfaces. This study aims to chemically characterize and evaluate the surface energy (SE) of Y‐TZP and Ti surfaces after NTP application. Y‐TZP and Ti discs were treated with a hand‐held NTP device followed by SE evaluation. Spectra of Y‐TZP 3d and Ti 2p regions, survey scans, and quantification...
Chemically durable microspheres containing yttrium and/or phosphorus are useful for intra‐arterial radiotherapy. In this study, we attempted to prepare yttrium phosphate (YPO4) microspheres with high chemical durability. YPO4 microspheres with smooth surfaces and diameters of around 25 μm were successfully obtained when gelatin droplets containing yttrium and phosphate ions were cooled and solidified...
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh is one of the most commonly used synthetic biomaterials for tension‐free hernia repair. In an effort to improve the biocompatibility of PET mesh, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in various concentrations were conjugated to the PET surface to develop PET‐AuNP scaffolds. These novel scaffolds were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning...
Gap defects often exist around dental implants due to morphological differences between the natural tooth extraction socket and the dental implant. Techniques that can resolve such gap defects include implant surface modification and filling of the defects with bone substitutes. Modified surfaces are generally more effective in this regard than smooth surfaces. Favorable results have also been reported...
Biodegradable isocyanate‐functional adhesives based on poly(ethylene glycol)–adipic acid esters were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Two types of formulations, P2TT and P2MT, were developed by functionalization with 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), respectively, and branching with 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane (TMP). The biocompatibility...
A generic finite element approach was developed to study the effect of adhesion on the mechanical response of bone cement composites and validated against literature data. The results showed that a zero friction bone‐cement (PMMA) interface conditions captured the results of the experimental testing better than assuming a fully bonded interface. An experimental model for studying the effect of interface...
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