Holism is a process, a way of thinking, which emphasizes a comprehensive view of the world; using this approach, the authors can progressively understand any system as a whole: instead of studying each part separately, they focus on the interactions between all the elements that compose and constitute its complexity. Considering the field of the sustainability, they extend the notion of holism to all underlying mechanisms. They addresses two requirements related to sustainability: a decision has to be taken in a target sustainable system, without degrading it; and a complex system, to be correctly managed, requires smart decisions with regard to its impact on sustainability. The chapter provides a summary of the concept of holonic manufacturing system (HMS). Within an HMS, the control of the operations can be done by scalability.