Objectives
Meta‐analysis studies of specific types of support groups are limited. We conducted a review and assessment of the effectiveness of support groups for caregivers of demented patients, and examined the impact of support group characteristics.
Methods
A search of multiple, electronic databases including the Cochrane Library, Medline, PUBMED, and others was conducted; studies published between 1998 and 2009 were collected. Thirty quantitative journal articles that were true and quasi‐experimental controlled trials on support groups for non‐professional caregivers, including mutual support, psychoeducational, and educational groups were analyzed. Outcome indicators were psychological well‐being, depression, burden, and social outcomes.
Results
Support groups showed a significant positive effect on caregivers' psychological well‐being (Hedge's g = −0.44, 95% CI = −0.73, −0.15), depression (Hedge's g = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.72, −0.08), burden (Hedge's g = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.33, −0.13), and social outcomes (Hedge's g = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.71). The use of theoretical models, and length and intensity of group sessions had a significant impact on the effect sizes for psychological well‐being and depression. Ratio of female participation (for psychological well‐being and depression) and average age (social outcomes) were significant predictor variables.
Conclusions
Support groups benefit caregivers and findings of this meta‐analysis serve as immediate guidance for group facilitators. Future research should include additional outcome variables with our defined factors on effectiveness collected as demographic characteristic data for comparison. A more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of support groups is indicated to enhance outcomes for caregivers and patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.