Developing World Bioethics

Items from 1 to 20 out of 508 results

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STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN HIV VACCINE TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ZAYNAB ESSACK, JENNIFER KOEN, NICOLA BARSDORF, CATHERINE SLACK, more

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 11 - 21

There is little published literature on the ethical concerns of stakeholders in HIV vaccine trials. This study explored the ethical challenges identified by various stakeholders, through an open‐ended, in‐depth approach. While the few previous studies have been largely quantitative, respondents in this study had the opportunity to spontaneously identify the issues that they perceived to be of priority...

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ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN ACUTE EPIDEMICS: THE PFIZER MENINGITIS STUDY IN NIGERIA AS AN ILLUSTRATION

EMMANUEL R. EZEOME, CHRISTIAN SIMON

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 1 - 10

The ethics of conducting research in epidemic situations have yet to account fully for differences in the proportion and acuteness of epidemics, among other factors. While epidemics most often arise from infectious diseases, not all infectious diseases are of epidemic proportions, and not all epidemics occur acutely. These and other variations constrain the generalization of ethical decision‐making...

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AFRICAN AND WESTERN MORAL THEORIES IN A BIOETHICAL CONTEXT

THADDEUS METZ

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 49 - 58

The field of bioethics is replete with applications of moral theories such as utilitarianism and Kantianism. For a given dilemma, even if it is not clear how one of these western philosophical principles of right (and wrong) action would resolve it, one can identify many of the considerations that each would conclude is relevant. The field is, in contrast, largely unaware of an African account of...

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THE LEBANESE PHYSICIAN: A PUBLIC'S VIEWPOINT

THALIA ARAWI

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 22 - 29

A physician's lack of humanity is a general complaint in public surveys. The physician‐patient relationship is viewed by the public as being reduced to a business relationship where the patient feels that she is merely a ‘client’ and the physician a healthcare ‘practitioner’ instead of a ‘care giver’. This public perception is not a phenomenon that is peculiar to Lebanon. Yet, the problem has been...

article

STANDARDS AND PRACTICES IN A DIVERSE WORLD: AN INVESTIGATION INTO SHARED VALUES

CHERYL MACPHERSON, RUTH MACKLIN

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 30 - 33

article

CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

DEBORA DINIZ

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > ii - ii

article

FINES, ORDERS, FEAR . . . AND CONSENT? MEDICAL RESEARCH IN EAST AFRICA, C. 1950s

MELISSA GRABOYES

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 34 - 41

This article reconstructs the history of medical research in East Africa (Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda), laying out the lies, rumours, and oppressive techniques that made research such a fraught enterprise during the colonial era. The focus is on the beginning stages of medical research: researchers' arrivals, villagers' responses, the gathering of subjects and consent. New archival and oral sources...

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REFLECTION ON EUTHANASIA: WESTERN AND AFRICAN NTOMBA PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEATH OF A CHIEF

DEOGRATIAS BIEMBE BIKOPO, LOUIS‐JACQUES VAN BOGAERT

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 1 > 42 - 48

Largely, the concept of energy or vital force, as first analysed by Placide Tempels in Bantu Philosophy, permeates most African ontology systems, worldviews and life views. The Ntomba Chief is chosen because of his above average vital force. This puts him in the position of intermediary between the Supreme Being, the ancestors, and his subordinates. The waning of his energy is incompatible with his...

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ACCESS TO TREATMENT IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: PERSPECTIVES FROM A SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNITY

NICOLA BARSDORF, SUZANNE MAMAN, NANCY KASS, CATHERINE SLACK

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 78 - 87

Access to treatment, in HIV vaccine trials (HVTs), remains ethically controversial. In most prevention trials, including in South Africa, participants who seroconvert are referred to publicly funded programmes for treatment. This strategy is problematic when there is inadequate and uneven access to public sector antiretroviral therapy (ART) and support resources. The responsibilities, if any, of researchers,...

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TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RESEARCH ETHICS EVALUATION AMONG RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE MEMBERS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: CAMEROON, MALI AND TANZANIA

JÉRÔME ATEUDJIEU, JOHN WILLIAMS, MARIE HIRTLE, CÉDRIC BAUME, more

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 88 - 98

Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well‐resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally. Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical...

article

CURRICULUM GUIDE FOR RESEARCH ETHICS WORKSHOPS FOR COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

HENRY SILVERMAN, BABIKER AHMED, SAMAR AJEILET, SUMAIA AL‐FADIL, more

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 70 - 77

To help ensure the ethical conduct of research, many have recommended educational efforts in research ethics to investigators and members of research ethics committees (RECs). One type of education activity involves multi‐day workshops in research ethics. To be effective, such workshops should contain the appropriate content and teaching techniques geared towards the learning styles of the targeted...

article

Bioethics and Armed Conflict: Moral Dilemmas of Medicine and War – By Michael L. Gross

Deane‐Peter Baker

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 113 - 113

article

THE FUTURE OF BIOETHICS

UDO SCHÜKLENK

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > ii - ii

article

REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM IN ARGENTINA: CLINIC ACCREDITATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSUMERS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND POLICY MAKERS

ELISE SMITH, JASON BEHRMANN, CAROLINA MARTIN, BRYN WILLIAMS‐JONES

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 59 - 69

A subcategory of medical tourism, reproductive tourism has been the subject of much public and policy debate in recent years. Specific concerns include: the exploitation of individuals and communities, access to needed health care services, fair allocation of limited resources, and the quality and safety of services provided by private clinics. To date, the focus of attention has been on the thriving...

article

FROM MEDICAL RATIONING TO RATIONALIZING THE USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR AIDS CARE AND TREATMENT IN AFRICA: A CASE FOR TASK SHIFTING

JESSICA PRICE, AGNES BINAGWAHO

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 99 - 103

With a global commitment to scaling up AIDS care and treatment in resource‐poor settings for some of the most HIV‐affected countries in Africa, availability of antiretroviral treatment is no longer the principal obstacle to expanding access to treatment. A shortage of trained healthcare personnel to initiate treatment and manage patients represents a more challenging barrier to offering life‐saving...

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YOU CAN USE MY NAME; YOU DON'T HAVE TO STEAL MY STORY – A CRITIQUE OF ANONYMITY IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES

ANNA‐LYDIA SVALASTOG, STEFAN ERIKSSON

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 104 - 110

Our claim in this paper is that not being identified as the data source might cause harm to a person or group. Therefore, in some cases the default of anonymisation should be replaced by a careful deliberation, together with research subjects, of how to handle the issues of identification and confidentiality. Our prime example in this article is community participatory research and similar endeavours...

article

HIDDEN BATTLES AND STEM CELL RESEARCH IN ARGENTINA: A RESPONSE TO LUNA AND SALLES

SHAWN H. E. HARMON

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 111 - 112

article

When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects – By Adriana Petryna

STUART RENNIE

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 2 > 114 - 115

article

TREATMENT NEEDS IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: USING BENEFICENCE TO CLARIFY SPONSOR‐INVESTIGATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

MELISSA STOBIE, CATHERINE SLACK

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 3 > 150 - 157

Some participants will get HIV‐infected in HIV prevention trials, despite risk reduction measures. The subsequent treatment responsibilities of sponsor‐investigators have been widely debated, especially where access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. In this paper, we explore two accounts of beneficence to establish whether they can shed light on sponsor‐investigator responsibilities...

article

RESEARCH INTEGRITY IN CHINA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

WEIQIN ZENG, DAVID RESNIK

Developing World Bioethics > 10 > 3 > 164 - 171

In little more than 30 years, China has recovered from the intellectual stagnation brought about by the Cultural Revolution to become a global leader in science and technology. Like other leading countries in science and technology, China has encountered some ethical problems related to the conduct of research. China's leaders have taken some steps to respond to these problems, such as developing...

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INFONA - science communication portal

Developing World Bioethics

STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES ON ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN HIV VACCINE TRIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA

ETHICAL PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH IN ACUTE EPIDEMICS: THE PFIZER MENINGITIS STUDY IN NIGERIA AS AN ILLUSTRATION

AFRICAN AND WESTERN MORAL THEORIES IN A BIOETHICAL CONTEXT

THE LEBANESE PHYSICIAN: A PUBLIC'S VIEWPOINT

STANDARDS AND PRACTICES IN A DIVERSE WORLD: AN INVESTIGATION INTO SHARED VALUES

CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

FINES, ORDERS, FEAR . . . AND CONSENT? MEDICAL RESEARCH IN EAST AFRICA, C. 1950s

REFLECTION ON EUTHANASIA: WESTERN AND AFRICAN NTOMBA PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEATH OF A CHIEF

ACCESS TO TREATMENT IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: PERSPECTIVES FROM A SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNITY

TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RESEARCH ETHICS EVALUATION AMONG RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE MEMBERS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: CAMEROON, MALI AND TANZANIA

CURRICULUM GUIDE FOR RESEARCH ETHICS WORKSHOPS FOR COUNTRIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Bioethics and Armed Conflict: Moral Dilemmas of Medicine and War – By Michael L. Gross

THE FUTURE OF BIOETHICS

REPRODUCTIVE TOURISM IN ARGENTINA: CLINIC ACCREDITATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSUMERS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND POLICY MAKERS

FROM MEDICAL RATIONING TO RATIONALIZING THE USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR AIDS CARE AND TREATMENT IN AFRICA: A CASE FOR TASK SHIFTING

YOU CAN USE MY NAME; YOU DON'T HAVE TO STEAL MY STORY – A CRITIQUE OF ANONYMITY IN INDIGENOUS STUDIES

HIDDEN BATTLES AND STEM CELL RESEARCH IN ARGENTINA: A RESPONSE TO LUNA AND SALLES

When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects – By Adriana Petryna

TREATMENT NEEDS IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: USING BENEFICENCE TO CLARIFY SPONSOR‐INVESTIGATOR RESPONSIBILITIES

RESEARCH INTEGRITY IN CHINA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

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