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BACKGROUNDThe study of disparities in minority recruitment to cancer clinical trials has focused primarily on inquiries among minority populations. Yet very little is known about the perceptions of individuals actively involved in minority recruitment to clinical trials within cancer centers. Therefore, the authors assessed the perspectives of cancer center clinical and research personnel on barriers...
BACKGROUNDThe American Joint Committee on Cancer's (AJCC) 7th edition cancer staging manual reflects recent changes in cancer care practices. This report assesses changes from the AJCC 6th to the AJCC 7th edition stage distributions and the quality of site‐specific factors (SSFs).
METHODSIncidence data for renal parenchyma and pelvis and ureter cancers from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End...
Despite the advances made in cancer management over the past few decades, improvements in cancer diagnosis and prognosis are still poor, highlighting the need for individualized strategies. Toward this goal, risk prediction models and molecular diagnostic tools have been developed, tailoring each step of risk assessment from diagnosis to treatment and clinical outcomes based on the individual's clinical,...
BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value of baseline health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) for survival with regard to different cancer sites using 1 standardized and validated patient self‐assessment tool.
METHODSIn total, 11 different cancer sites pooled from 30 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) randomized controlled trials were...
Individuals with schizophrenia are a vulnerable population that has been relatively neglected in health disparities research. Despite having an equivalent risk of developing most cancers, patients with schizophrenia are more likely to die of cancer than the general population. Cancer care disparities are likely the result of patient‐, provider‐, and systems‐level factors and influenced by the pervasive...
BACKGROUNDNavigators can facilitate timely access to cancer services, but to the authors' knowledge there are little data available regarding their economic impact.
METHODSThe authors conducted a cost‐consequence analysis of navigation versus usual care among 10,521 individuals with abnormal breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate cancer screening results who enrolled in the Patient Navigation...
BACKGROUNDTobacco assessment and cessation support are not routinely included in cancer care. An automated tobacco assessment and cessation program was developed to increase the delivery of tobacco cessation support for cancer patients.
METHODSA structured tobacco assessment was incorporated into the electronic health record at Roswell Park Cancer Institute to identify tobacco use in cancer patients...
BACKGROUNDThe rate of hyponatremia is higher in hospitalized cancer patients than in hospitalized patients without cancer and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The availability of V2 receptor antagonists has been a major breakthrough in the management of hyponatremia, but its efficacy and safety in treating hyponatremia in patients with cancer is not known.
METHODSAdult patients with cancer...
BACKGROUNDPain palliation resulting from antitumor therapy provides direct evidence of treatment benefit when combined with evidence of antitumor activity. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously issued guidance regarding the use of patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures to support labeling claims. The purpose of this article is to identify common challenges and key design strategies...
BACKGROUNDThis study examined racial/ethnic differences among patients in clinical trial (CT) enrollment, refusal rates, ineligibility, and desire to participate in research within the National Cancer Institute's Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) Clinical Trial Screening and Accrual Log.
METHODSData from 4509 log entries were evaluated in this study. Four logistic regression models were run...
BACKGROUNDTo reduce the risk of adjustment problems associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for adolescents/young adults (AYAs), we examined efficacy of a therapeutic music video (TMV) intervention delivered during the acute phase of HSCT to: 1) increase protective factors of spiritual perspective, social integration, family environment, courageous coping, and hope‐derived meaning;...
BACKGROUNDIt is widely known that outcomes after cancer surgery vary widely, depending on interactions between patient, tumor, neoadjuvant therapy, and provider factors. Within this complex milieu, the influence of complications on the cost of surgical oncology care remains unknown. The authors examined rates of Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) occurrence for 6 cancer operations and their association...
BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, it remains unknown whether race‐based differences in cancer outcomes have changed with time. In the current study, the authors assessed whether racial disparities in cancer‐specific mortality have improved over the last 20 years.
METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 2,713,474 patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2007...
BACKGROUNDIn American Indians (AIs), cancer is a leading cause of mortality, yet their disease burden is not fully understood due to unaddressed racial misclassification in cancer registries. This study describes cancer trends among AIs in Michigan, focusing on breast cancer, in a linked data set of Indian Health Service (IHS), tribal, and state cancer registry data adjusted for misclassification...
BACKGROUNDAmerican Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/ANs) have the worst 5‐year cancer survival of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Causes for this disparity are unknown. The authors of this report examined the receipt of cancer treatment among AI/AN patients compared with white patients.
METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study of 338,204 patients who were diagnosed at age ≥65 years...
BACKGROUNDThis study sought to compare the effectiveness of aggressive versus nonaggressive treatment in reducing cancer‐specific mortality for older men with early‐stage prostate cancer across differing comorbid disease burdens at diagnosis.
METHODSIn total, the authors sampled 140,553 men aged ≥66 years with early‐stage prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 1991 and 2007 from the Surveillance,...
BACKGROUNDPediatric cancer distribution and outcomes have not been examined in Canadian Aboriginal children. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution, event‐free survival, and overall survival of Aboriginal children with malignancies who reside in Ontario compared with non‐Aboriginal children.
METHODSThis population‐based study included 10,520 Ontario children (aged <18 years)...
Mammography screening fulfills all requirements for an effective screening test. It detects many cancers earlier when they are at a smaller size and earlier stage, and it has been demonstrated that this reduces breast cancer deaths in randomized controlled trials. When screening is introduced into the population, the death rate from breast cancer declines. Nevertheless, scientifically unsupported...
BACKGROUNDMortality reduction from mammographic screening is controversial. Individual randomized trials and meta‐analyses demonstrate statistically significant mortality reductions in all age groups invited to screening. In women actually screened, mortality reductions are greater. Individual trials and meta‐analyses show varying rates of mortality reduction, leading to questions about screening's...
BACKGROUNDGenomic testing in cancer (GTC) characterizes genes that play an important role in the development and growth of a patient's cancer. This form of DNA testing is currently being studied for its ability to guide cancer therapy. The objective of the current study was to describe patients' knowledge, attitudes, and expectations toward GTC.
METHODSA 42‐item self‐administered GTC questionnaire...
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