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BACKGROUNDData continue to emerge on the relative merits of different treatment modalities for prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to compare patient‐reported quality‐of‐life (QOL) outcomes after proton therapy (PT) and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.
METHODSA comparison was performed of prospectively collected QOL data using the Expanded Prostate Cancer...
BACKGROUNDThe majority of patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have low‐risk disease with a < 10% chance of ccRCC‐specific death. DNA sequencing revealed that mutations in BAP1 (BRCA1 associated protein‐1) occur in 5% to 15% of ccRCC cases and are associated with poor outcomes. The vast majority of BAP1 mutations abolish protein expression. In this study, we used a highly...
BACKGROUNDRecombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2) induces cellular cytotoxicity against leukemia blasts. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR) may harbor minimal residual disease that is susceptible to rIL‐2–activated effector cells.
METHODSIn the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 19808 study, patients with AML in first CR were randomly assigned after all planned...
BACKGROUNDRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a diverse category of myogenic malignancies with marked differences in molecular alterations and histology. This study examines the question if RMS predisposition due to germline TP53 mutations correlates with certain RMS histologies.
METHODSThe histology of RMS tumors diagnosed in 8 consecutive children with TP53 germline mutations was reviewed retrospectively...
BACKGROUNDEvidence regarding the correlation between smoking and breast cancer among young women is mixed, and previous studies have not assessed whether smoking is associated differentially with risks of the major breast cancer subtypes.
METHODSThis was a population‐based, case‐control study of 778 women with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers and 182 women with ER‐negative, progesterone...
BACKGROUNDEnzalutamide (Enz) and abiraterone acetate (AA) are hormone treatments that have a proven survival advantage in patients with metastatic, castration‐resistant prostate cancer who previously received docetaxel (Doc). Recently, limited activity of AA after Enz and of Enz after AA was demonstrated in small cohort studies. Here, the authors present the activity and tolerability of Enz in patients...
BACKGROUNDAlthough obesity increases risk and negatively affects survival for many malignancies, the prognostic implications in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue, a disease often associated with prediagnosis weight loss, are unknown.
METHODSPatients with T1‐T2 oral tongue SCC underwent curative‐intent resection in this single‐institution study. All patients underwent nutritional assessment...
BACKGROUNDHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a major risk factor for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to conventional therapies, and it is postulated that they are responsible for disease recurrence and/or progression. Because the prognoses of patients...
BACKGROUNDDifferences in quality of care may contribute to racial variation in outcomes of bladder cancer (BCa). Quality indicators in patients undergoing surgery for BCa include the use of high‐volume surgeons and high‐volume hospitals, and, when clinically indicated, receipt of pelvic lymphadenectomy, receipt of continent urinary diversion, and undergoing radical cystectomy instead of partial cystectomy...
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) involves the treatment of extracranial primary tumors or metastases with a few, high doses of ionizing radiation. In SBRT, tumor kill is maximized and dose to surrounding tissue is minimized, by precise and accurate delivery of multiple radiation beams to the target. This is particularly challenging, because extracranial lesions often move with respiration and...
BACKGROUNDThis study sought to determine the prevalence of PALB2 mutations in a cohort referred for diagnostic testing for hereditary breast cancer.
METHODSSanger sequencing was used to analyze the entire coding region and flanking introns of PALB2 in anonymized DNA samples from 1479 patients. Samples were stratified into a “high‐risk” group, 955 samples from individuals predicted to have a high...
BACKGROUNDColorectal cancer (CRC) screening is cost‐effective but underused. The objective of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of a mailed standard intervention (SI) and tailored navigation interventions (TNIs) to increase CRC screening use in the context of a randomized trial among primary care patients.
METHODSParticipants (n = 945) were randomized either to a usual care control...
Although the cure rates of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved dramatically in the past 40 years, not all children have benefited equally from this impressive progress. Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and treatment outcome of childhood ALL persist, with Hispanic children having an elevated risk of developing ALL and one of the lowest survival rates after ALL therapy...
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