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BACKGROUNDPatients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have limited therapeutic options and poor response to the standard gemcitabine (GCB)‐based chemotherapy. In the current study, the authors investigated the feasibility of noninvasive short‐wave radiofrequency (RF) electric fields to improve the cytotoxic effect of GCB on PDAC cells and determined its mechanism of action.
METHODSThe cytotoxicity...
BACKGROUNDProstate cancer treatment after failure of primary therapy by either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy can vary greatly. This study sought to determine trends and predictors of salvage treatment after failure of primary treatment in a community cohort over the past 10 years.
METHODSFrom the community‐based Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database,...
BACKGROUNDSeveral studies have suggested that low 25(OH) vitamin D3 levels may be prognostic in some malignancies, but no studies have evaluated their impact on treatment outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
METHODSVitamin D levels were evaluated in 97 consecutive, newly diagnosed, intensively treated patients with AML. MicroRNA expression profiles and single nucleotide polymorphisms...
BACKGROUNDThe authors developed an ex vivo methodology to perform drug library screening against human leukemia.
METHODSThe strategy for this screening relied on human blood or bone marrow cultures under hypoxia; under these conditions, leukemia cells deplete oxygen faster than normal cells, causing a hemoglobin oxygenation shift. Several advantages were observed: 1) partial recapitulation of the...
BACKGROUNDTargeting the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is of increasing interest as a therapeutic strategy in many tumors. The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with mTOR inhibitor activity in women with metastatic endometrial cancer.
METHODSArchival tumor samples were collected from 94 women with recurrent or metastatic...
BACKGROUNDPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has low overall survival (OS) rates and high recurrence rates following surgical resection. The role for preoperative radiation therapy (prRT) for PAC versus postoperative RT (poRT) remains uncertain. The authors used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to report prRT outcomes for the largest multi‐institutional patient cohort to date.
METHODSNCDB data were...
BACKGROUNDRE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST), a neuronal repressor gene, regulates neuronal stem cell differentiation. Ewing sarcoma may originate from neural crest cells. In the current study, the authors investigated whether REST plays a role in the growth of this tumor.
METHODSREST expression was determined by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in...
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is increasingly offered as a curative option for many patients with hematologic malignancies. Improvements in HCT strategies and supportive care have resulted in a growing number of long‐term survivors. However, these survivors are at an increased risk of developing long‐term debilitating chronic health conditions, including premature cardiovascular disease...
BACKGROUNDPolycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with somatic gain‐of‐function mutations of Januskinase‐2 (JAK2). Therapeutic options are limited in patients with advanced disease. Ruxolitinib, an oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is active in preclinical models of PV. The long‐term efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in patients with advanced PV who are refractory or intolerant...
BACKGROUNDThe survival impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on esophageal cancer remains difficult to establish for specific patients. The aim of the current study was to create a Web‐based prediction tool providing individualized survival projections based on tumor and treatment data.
METHODSPatients diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 1997 and 2005 were selected from the Surveillance,...
BACKGROUNDSurvival outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant over the past 30 years. Targeting of ganglioside GD2, a glycosphingolipid on the cell surface of some tumors, with immunotherapy has resulted in improved outcomes for patients with neuroblastoma. In the current study, the expression pattern of GD2 was examined in osteosarcoma.
METHODSImmunohistochemistry was performed...
BACKGROUNDNavigators can facilitate timely access to cancer services, but to the authors' knowledge there are little data available regarding their economic impact.
METHODSThe authors conducted a cost‐consequence analysis of navigation versus usual care among 10,521 individuals with abnormal breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate cancer screening results who enrolled in the Patient Navigation...
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