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BACKGROUND:p53 plays a critical role in cellular anticancer mechanisms, and has been correlated with second primary malignancy (SPM) development. A common polymorphism in codon 72 of p53 results in an amino acid substitution and could influence p53 function. The authors hypothesized that p53 codon 72 polymorphism may be associated with risk of SPMs and SPM‐free survival among patients with squamous...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to identify measurable parameters that provide quality data for assessing how well cancer care adheres to accepted treatment guidelines and is delivered to any given patient with oral tongue cancer.
METHODS:A retrospective chart review included 116 patients treated for T1‐T2/N0‐N1 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue between 1998 and 2003. A...
BACKGROUND:Carbon‐ion beam (CIB) treatment is a powerful tool for controlling primary tumors in the clinical setting. However, to date, few clinical or experimental studies have investigated the effects of CIB treatment on tumor recurrence and antitumor immunity.
METHODS:A multiple challenge test was performed using syngenic and nude mouse models of a poorly immunogenic squamous cell carcinoma cell...
BACKGROUND:Several sirtuin family members (SIRT1‐7), which are evolutionarily conserved NAD‐dependent deacetylases, play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, their role in oral cancer has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether sirtuins play a role in oral cancer carcinogenesis.
METHODS:The expression levels of all sirtuins in several...
BACKGROUND:Elective neck dissection (END) is commonly used as a staging and therapeutic procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at high risk of nodal metastases. The authors aimed to determine whether the extent of lymphadenectomy, as defined by nodal yield, is a prognostic factor in this setting.
METHODS:A retrospective database review identified 225 patients undergoing END with curative...
BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy by either intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT).
METHODS:Forty‐six patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy from January 1993 to August 2009 were included. Forty‐five patients...
BACKGROUND:Conditional survival (CS) implies that, on average, long‐term cancer survivors have a better prognosis than newly diagnosed individuals. The objective of the current study was to devise an accurate predictive tool that accounts for CS in men diagnosed with penile cancer.
METHODS:Overall, 1245 patients treated with primary tumor excision (PTE) for pT1‐3M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the...
BACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to determine whether bone invasion is an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after taking into account the extent of bone invasion.
METHODS:The study was a retrospective review of 498 patients with oral SCC undergoing surgery with curative intent, 102 of whom had pathologically proven bone invasion. Bone invasion was categorized as...
BACKGROUND:Sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas (SNSCCs) are rare tumors with no etiologic link to tobacco or alcohol, as opposed to other squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Despite improvements in the field of surgery and radiotherapy, patients with these tumors still face a very unfavorable prognosis, partly because of their localization in a complex anatomic area, which has special relevance...
BACKGROUND:Chemoprevention with systemic retinoids has demonstrated promise in decreasing the incidence of new primary nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) in immunocompromised post‐transplantation recipients. There is limited evidence for the use of systemic retinoids in the nontransplantation patient. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of...
BACKGROUND:The authors previously observed that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) overexpression was associated significantly with the development of oral cancer. In the current study, they investigated whether EZH2 can function as a prognostic predictor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
METHODS:Expression levels of EZH2 in HNSCC cells were detected using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase...
BACKGROUND:Esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have distinct clinico‐pathologic characteristics; however, it is unclear whether treatment patterns differ by histologic subtype. The objective of this study was to examine differences in treatment use and outcomes by histologic subtype for esophageal cancer in the United States.
METHODS:From the National Cancer Data Base,...
BACKGROUND:The active metabolite of vitamin D 1α,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D3) has exhibited broad‐spectrum antitumor activity in xenograft animal models. However, its activity against metastatic disease has not been extensively investigated.
METHODS:Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or 1,25D3‐resistant variant SCC‐DR cells were treated with 1,25D3. Actin organization was examined by immunofluorescence...
BACKGROUND:Only 2 prospective studies have previously reported prognostic factors for anal cancer, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 22861 (EORTC 22861) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 98‐11 (RTOG 98‐11). Both of those trials reported that clinically positive lymph nodes and male sex predicted poorer overall survival (OS). The EORTC 22861 trial indicated that...
BACKGROUNDThere are major variations between institutions regarding postoperative adjuvant therapy for adverse features in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The authors' practice has been to not recommend any adjuvant therapy on the basis of close (<5 mm but uninvolved) margins unless there are additional adverse features. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether...
BACKGROUNDParanasal sinus squamous cell carcinomas (PNSSCC) account for 3% of all head and neck malignancies. There has been little information on the trends in incidence and survival, and no randomized trials have been conducted to guide therapy.
METHODSPatients with PNSSCC reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 1973 through 2009 were categorized by sex,...
BACKGROUNDExtracapsular spread (ECS) in cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is regarded as an adverse prognostic factor and is often used to select patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. The prognostic value of ECS was evaluated for patients with oropharyngeal SCC (OPC; with known p16/human papillomavirus [HPV] status) and for patients with SCC...
BACKGROUNDCervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the most common oncogenic mutations in cervical cancers and to explore genomic differences between the 2 most common histologic subtypes: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODSA high‐throughput genotyping platform, termed Oncomap, was used to interrogate...
BACKGROUNDEpigenetic reprogramming of the methylome has been implicated in all stages of cancer evolution. It is now well accepted that cancer cells exploit epigenetic reprogramming, a mechanism that regulates stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation, to promote cancer initiation and progression. The oncogene FOXM1 has been implicated in all major forms of human cancer.
METHODSWe have recently...
BACKGROUNDEpigenetic events play a major role in the carcinogenesis of tobacco‐related cancers. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effects of exposure to the anticonvulsant agent valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the risk of developing cancers of the lung, head and neck, prostate, bladder, and colon.
METHODSThe study was based on the 2002 through...
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