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BACKGROUND:In 2006, it was estimated that 47 million people in the United States are without insurance. Studies have shown that patients who are uninsured or are insured by Medicaid are more likely to present with more advanced cancer. The objective of this study was to examine whether cancer recurrence and mortality of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are associated...
BACKGROUND:Differences in risk factors for metastases at different time intervals after treatment have been described in several malignancies; however, to the authors' knowledge, no extensive study examining this issue in melanoma has been conducted to date.
METHODS:The authors performed a nested case‐control study of patients with melanoma who presented with only local disease. Patients in the case...
BACKGROUND:Children of different racial/ethnic backgrounds have varying risks of cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined cancer occurrence in children of mixed ancestry.
METHODS:This population‐based case‐control study examined cancer among children aged <15 years using linked cancer and birth registry data from 5 US states from 1978 through 2004. Data were...
BACKGROUND:Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) populations within the United States have different breast cancer incidence rates, yet there is limited research on how ethnic differences in the prevalence of established risk factors and their associations with breast cancer contribute to the observed differences.
METHODS:Odds ratios and population‐attributable risk estimates for breast cancer were...
BACKGROUND:The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) has greatly improved the quality of care in children with cancer, yet these catheters may cause serious infectious and thrombotic complications. The aim of this prospective registry study was to assess the host and CVC‐related risk factors for CVC‐created thrombotic complications.
METHODS:Patients undergoing CVC insertion for chemotherapy were...
BACKGROUND:We previously reported that a single prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) measured at ages 44‐50 was highly predictive of subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis in an unscreened population. Here we report an additional 7 years of follow‐up. This provides replication using an independent data set and allows estimates of the association between early PSA and subsequent advanced cancer (clinical...
BACKGROUND:Late age at first full‐term birth and nulliparity are known to increase breast cancer risk. The frequency of these risk factors has increased in recent decades.
METHODS:The purpose of this population‐based case‐control study was to examine associations between parity, age at first birth (AFB), and specific histological subtypes of breast cancer. Women with breast cancer were identified...
BACKGROUND:Male urethral cancer is a rare neoplasm, with the published literature consisting of small single‐institution retrospective series. As such, there is no objective analysis of prognostic factors and treatment outcome. The author sought to use the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate prognostic factors in male urethral cancer.
METHODS:From...
BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined risk for severe symptoms during early cancer survivorship. By using baseline data from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐I, the authors examined cancer survivors with high symptom burden, identified risk factors associated with high symptom burden, and evaluated the impact of high symptom burden on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) 1...
BACKGROUND:After external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer, a short interval to biochemical failure of <18 months has been proposed as a surrogate for cause‐specific survival. Because EBRT dose influences biochemical failure, the authors investigated the interval to biochemical failure in a cohort of patients treated with dose‐escalated EBRT.
METHODS:From 1998 to 2008, 710 patients...
BACKGROUND:Continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis may adversely affect treatment effectiveness, subsequent cancer risk, and survival. The prevalence of continued smoking after cancer diagnosis is understudied.
METHODS:In the multi‐regional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance cohort (lung cancer [N = 2456], colorectal cancer [N = 3063]), the authors examined smoking rates at diagnosis...
BACKGROUND:No previous prospective US study has examined whether the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is disproportionately high in low socioeconomic status (SES) populations of both men and women. This study examined the relationship between both individual and area‐level SES and CRC incidence, overall and by tumor location.
METHODS:Data were obtained from the ongoing prospective National Institutes...
BACKGROUND:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is comprised of several bone marrow‐based cancers and is the most common type of leukemia in the United States. The etiology of AML is not well understood. A case‐control study was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to investigate associations between lifestyle characteristics and the risk of AML in Texas.
METHODS:This study included...
BACKGROUND:Ionizing radiation is a consistently identified and potentially modifiable risk factor for meningioma, which is the most frequently reported primary brain tumor in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dental x‐rays—the most common artificial source of ionizing radiation—and the risk of intracranial meningioma.
METHODS:This population‐based...
BACKGROUND:Although the incidence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative/hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb)‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC‐HCC) is gradually increasing, it has been mostly ignored in previous studies. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors that influence recurrence and survival...
BACKGROUNDAgent Orange (AO) exposure (AOe) is a potential risk factor for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). However, it is unknown whether AOe specifically increases the risk of lethal PCa. The objective of this study was to determine the association between AOe and the risk of detecting high‐grade PCa (HGPCa) (Gleason score ≥7) on biopsy in a US Veteran cohort.
METHODSRisk factors included...
BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate and identify patterns of failure and prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence (LRR) that could justify postmastectomy radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy in patients with early stage triple‐negative breast cancer.
METHODSBetween January 2000 and July 2007, the authors retrospectively analyzed 390 patients who had triple‐negative...
BACKGROUNDA subset of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OSCC) experience poor clinical outcomes. The authors of this report explored prognostic risk factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).
METHODSPatients with incident HPV‐OSCC who received treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1997 and 2008 and who...
BACKGROUNDRandomized trials have demonstrated that radiation improves survival in patients with glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize the risk factors and impact of omission of radiation therapy in such patients.
METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program was used to identify 22,777 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between 1988 and 2007. Multivariable...
BACKGROUNDChemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, those patients often experience multiple treatment‐related symptoms or symptom clusters. Two symptom clusters have been identified for this population. Little is known about the risk factors of these symptom clusters.
METHODSSubjects comprised 684 patients who were treated with concurrent...
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