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BACKGROUND:Tumor vascularity is a potential predictor of treatment outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and contrast enhancement of tumors in computed tomography (CT) is correlated significantly with microvessel density. In this study, the authors investigated whether tumor enhancement in contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) is useful for predicting outcomes in patients with mRCC who are receiving...
BACKGROUND:This study analyzed the possible prognostic value of presurgical serum soluble (s)E‐selectin levels and/or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA positivity in predicting the disease‐free survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
METHODS:CEA mRNA (obtained from blood‐borne cells by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction [RT‐PCR]), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and sE‐selectin...
BACKGROUND:The benefits of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) should outweigh surgical morbidity. Even when the generally agreed upon selection criteria for CN are met, some patients do poorly after surgery. The objective of this study was to identify preoperative factors that were prognostic of outcome in patients who were being considered for CN.
METHODS:The...
BACKGROUND:Perioperative blood transfusion in pancreatic cancer patients has been linked to decreased survival; however, a causal mechanism has not been determined. During the processing and storage of packed erythrocytes, biologically active molecules accumulated in the acellular plasma fraction; therefore, the authors hypothesized that the plasma fraction of stored packed erythrocytes promoted tumor...
BACKGROUND:Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are emerging as promising therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Because rational treatment strategies require understanding the activation status of the underlying signaling pathway being targeted at the desired stage of disease, the authors examined the activation status of different components of the mTOR pathway in...
BACKGROUND:Primary mucinous adenocarcinomas of the ovary are uncommon, and their biological behavior is uncertain. Retrospective studies have suggested that many mucinous carcinomas initially diagnosed as primary to the ovary have in fact metastasized from another site. A prospective randomized trial provided an opportunity to estimate the frequency of mucinous tumors, diagnostic reproducibility,...
BACKGROUND:Local treatment for pulmonary metastases is considered to be a reasonable treatment option in patients with oligometastatic disease. Percutaneous radio frequency ablation (RFA) has been reported as an alternative to surgery. Results of RFA for local control of pulmonary metastases were evaluated.
METHODS:All consecutive patients treated with RFA for pulmonary metastases (2004‐2009) were...
BACKGROUND:LAMP3 is a newly described hypoxia regulated gene of potential interest in hypoxia‐induced therapy resistance and metastasis. The prognostic value of LAMP3 in breast cancer was investigated.
METHODS:Expression levels of LAMP3 in breast cancer cell lines and patient tissues were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and in a tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescent...
BACKGROUND:Distinct morphologic features of microvascular endothelium exist in tumor tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of endothelium‐coated tumor clusters (ECTCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS:ECTCs were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) (a cell surface glycoprotein which is expressed specifically...
BACKGROUND:Casitas B‐lineage lymphoma (Cbl) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of many tyrosine kinase receptors. The authors previously detected c‐Cbl mutation and low protein expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, it was hypothesized that overexpression of wild‐type c‐Cbl (c‐Cbl WT) exhibits tumor growth inhibition.
METHODS:Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to examine...
BACKGROUND:The authors systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a pooled analysis of studies on small renal masses who underwent active surveillance to identify the risk progression and the characteristics associated with metastases.
METHODS:A search of the MEDLINE database was performed to identify all clinical series that reported the surveillance of localized renal masses. For studies...
BACKGROUND:From 30% to 40% patients with osteosarcoma eventually experience medical failure; and few biomarkers of prognostic significance have been established. High‐throughput methods like gene microarray analysis can help to identify molecular biomarkers that are useful for diagnosing osteosarcoma and targeting its treatment.
METHODS:Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to compare expression...
BACKGROUND:Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a powerful, multifaceted modifier of carcinogenesis. However, the clinical significance and biologic function of HSF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.
METHODS:Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect expression levels of HSF1, and its...
BACKGROUND:Metastasizing osteosarcoma has a mean 5‐year survival rate of only 20% to 30%. Therefore, novel chemotherapeutics for more effective treatment of this disease are required.
METHODS:The antineoplastic activity of honokiol, which was demonstrated previously in numerous malignancies, was studied in vivo in C3H mice subcutaneously injected with syngeneic β‐galactosidase bacterial gene (lacZ...
BACKGROUND:Molecular profiling of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) may improve the distinction between oncocytoma and malignant RCC subtypes and aid in early detection of metastasis. The hyaluronic acid (HA) family includes HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL‐1, HYAL‐2, HYAL‐3, HYAL‐4, PH20, HYAL‐P1), and HA receptors (CD44s, CD44v, RHAMM). HA family members promote tumor growth and...
BACKGROUND:Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs) exhibit widely divergent behavior, limited biologic information (apart from Ki‐67) is available to characterize malignancy. Therefore, the identification of alternative biomarkers is a key unmet need. Given the role of internexin alpha (INA) in neuronal development, the authors assessed its function in neuroendocrine cell...
BACKGROUND:PIWI protein family was found to play an important role in stem cell self‐renewal. Overexpression of HIWI, the human homolog of PIWI family proteins, was found in several solid tumors, although the role of HIWI in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its prognostic value remain unclear.
METHODS:HIWI expression was measured in stepwise metastatic HCC cell lines (HCCLM3, MHCC97H, MHCC97L,...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to confirm, by means of a multicenter study conducted in Japan, the reliability and usefulness of the one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay in routine clinical use for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of breast cancer patients.
METHODS:Patients with Tis‐T2N0M0 breast cancer who underwent SLNB before systemic chemotherapy comprised the study cohort...
BACKGROUND:There is a need for improved prognostic markers in melanoma. In this study, the authors tested the prognostic significance and clinicopathologic correlations of v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and neuroblastoma RAS viral (v‐ras) oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma.
METHODS:Clinical and pathologic data were collected retrospectively...
BACKGROUND:Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)‐positive cells exhibit stem‐like or progenitor ability and have been considered a clinically important diagnostic and therapeutic target in patients with breast cancer. In this study, the authors evaluated responsiveness to chemotherapy of ALDH1‐positive cells in primary and metastatic lesions and its relation to prognosis for patients with lymph node‐positive...
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