This chapter discusses research concerning deaf individuals’ reading and spelling development, with a focus on collecting literacy data from deaf children and adolescents. It presents an overview of what one knows about reading development in deaf individuals, covering topics such as: What are the reading achievements of deaf children? How do deaf children learn to read? Do they learn to read in a similar way to hearing children? The chapter describes different types of methodologies that have been used to conduct literacy research with deaf children, highlighting important findings. It describes some of the issues involved in researching literacy development in deaf children who sign and potential ways of dealing with these issues. One of the most important issues that researchers need to be aware of when investigating literacy with signing Deaf individuals is that they are assessing reading skills in a language that is not the participant's first language.