Addiction
Aim To determine whether depression and family history of alcoholism are associated with heightened sweet preferences in children, before they have experienced alcohol or tobacco and at a time during the life‐span when sweets are particularly salient.
Design Between‐ and within‐subject experimental study.
Participants Children, 5–12 years old (n = 300), formed four groups based on family history...
Aims To describe the empirical construction and initial validation of the Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test (CUPIT), a brief self‐report screening instrument for detection of currently and potentially problematic cannabis use.
Design In a three‐phase prospective design an item pool of candidate questions was generated from a literature review and extensive expert consultation. The CUPIT...
Aim This paper critically appraises relationship arrangements among three broadly conceived sectors: the government sector, the health sector (including researchers) and addictive consumption industries (particularly tobacco, alcohol and gambling).
Method Three models for involvement are examined. In the ‘tripartite partnership model’ health sector agencies engage as co‐equals with the government...
Objective To examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), taking account of variation in intake during follow‐up.
Method Prospective cohort study of 5411 male civil servants aged 35–55 years at entry to the Whitehall II study in 1985–88. Alcohol consumption was reported five times over a 15‐year period. Mortality, fatal CHD,...
Objectives To determine the added risk of opioid problem use (OPU) in youth with marijuana/alcohol problem use (MAPU).
Methods A total of 475 youth (ages 14–21 years) with OPU + MAPU were compared to a weighted sample of 475 youth with MAPU only (i.e. no OPU) before and after propensity score matching on gender, age, race, level of care and weekly use of marijuana/alcohol. Youth were recruited from...
Aim To investigate the effects of tobacco, marijuana, alcohol and petrol sniffing on periodontal disease among Australian Aboriginal young adults.
Design Cross‐sectional nested within a long‐standing prospective longitudinal study.
Setting Aboriginal communities in Australia's Northern Territory.
Participants Members of the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study who were recruited from birth between January...
Background Sublingual buprenorphine is an effective maintenance treatment for opioid dependence, yet intravenous buprenorphine misuse occurs. A buprenorphine/naloxone formulation was developed to mitigate this misuse risk. This randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study was conducted to assess the intravenous abuse potential of buprenorphine/naloxone compared with buprenorphine in buprenorphine‐maintained...
Prevention research concerning alcohol, tobacco and other drugs faces a number of challenges as the scientific foundation is strengthened for the future. Seven issues which the prevention research field should address are discussed: lack of transparency in analyses of prevention program outcomes, lack of disclosure of copyright and potential for profit/income during publication, post‐hoc outcome variable...
Aims The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of affiliation with cannabis‐using peers in the pathways from various dimensions of temperament to life‐time cannabis use, and to determine if these associations also contributed to the development of regular cannabis use.
Methods Objectives were studied using data from 1300 participants of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual...
Aim To assess the effects of binge drinking on students' next‐day academic test‐taking performance.
Design A placebo‐controlled cross‐over design with randomly assigned order of conditions. Participants were randomized to either alcoholic beverage [mean = 0.12 g% breath alcohol concentration (BrAC)] or placebo on the first night and then received the other beverage a week later. The next day, participants...