Addiction
Aim An unprecedented decline in alcohol consumption and road mortality has been observed recently in France, but it is still unclear whether or not these changes affected driving while alcohol‐intoxicated (DWI). The objective of the study was to estimate prospectively trends of excessive speed on the roads, alcohol consumption and DWI between 2001 and 2007 in a large cohort of experienced drivers...
Aims To assess whether sensitivity to point of sale (POS) cigarette displays influences quitting behaviour.
Design Prospective cohort study.
Setting Victoria, Australia.
Participants A total of 222 adult smokers were surveyed at baseline in 2006 and followed‐up 18 months later.
Measurements Baseline sensitivity to POS displays, which included the frequency of ‘noticing displays’, ‘impulse purchasing...
Background Switzerland introduced a pragmatic national drug policy when the former conservative abstinence‐orientated politics proved unable to cope with an escalating number of users and related negative consequences for public health and public order. The high visibility of ‘needle parks’ and the size of the acquired immune deficiency disorder (AIDS) epidemic called for a new approach and for national...
Aim To investigate the safety and efficacy of once‐daily supervised oral administration of sustained‐release dexamphetamine in people dependent on methamphetamine.
Design Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.
Participants Forty‐nine methamphetamine‐dependent drug users from Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia (DASSA) clinics.
Intervention Participants were assigned randomly...
Aim To examine the association between cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood, and subsequent criminal charges.
Methods Data were obtained from the Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. A population‐based sample (n = 1353) was followed from 13 to 27 years of age. Data were gathered on cannabis use, alcohol consumption and alcohol problems, and use of other illegal substances such as amphetamines,...
Background Evidence suggests that brief interventions in the trauma care setting reduce drinking, subsequent injury and driving under the influence (DUI) arrest. However, evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in ethnic minority groups is lacking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of brief intervention among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States.
Methods We conducted...
Aims In a previous report, the effectiveness of the Real Men Are Safe (REMAS) intervention in reducing the number of unprotected sexual occasions among male drug abuse treatment patients was demonstrated. A secondary aim of REMAS was to reduce the frequency with which men engage in sex under the influence (SUI) of drugs or alcohol.
Design Men in methadone maintenance (n = 173) or out‐patient psychosocial...
If you were asked: ‘What are the most important things we know about addiction?’ what would you say? This paper brings together a body of knowledge across multiple domains and arranged as a list of 10 things known about addiction, as a response to such a question. The 10 things are: (1) addiction is fundamentally about compulsive behaviour; (2) compulsive drug seeking is initiated outside of consciousness;...
Aim To critically evaluate the methods utilized in the conduct of a systematic review in the field of substance misuse
Design Participant‐observation in the review process, semi‐structured interviews with review team members and management and structured observation of the process of guidance development.
Setting An ‘arm's‐length’ government body.
Participants Review team members, management and...
Aim To examine the percentage of Japanese adult smokers who make quit attempts and succeed in smoking cessation over a 1‐year period, and to identify predictors of attempts to stop and successful smoking cessation.
Design and setting This study used Ipsos JSR Company's access panel, whose sampling framework is based on the Basic Resident Register in Japan. We tracked and monitored a selected sample...
Objective To assess trends in injecting and non‐injecting drug use after implementation of large‐scale syringe exchange in New York City. The belief that implementation of syringe exchange will lead to increased drug injecting has been a persistent argument against syringe exchange.
Methods Administrative data on route of administration for primary drug of abuse among patients entering the Beth...