Addiction
Aims Supervised injecting facilities (SIFs) are effective in reducing the harms associated with injecting drug use among their clientele, but do SIFs ease the burden on ambulance services of attending to overdoses in the community? This study addresses this question, which is yet to be answered, in the growing body of international evidence supporting SIFs efficacy.
Design Ecological study of patterns...
Background Unrecorded alcohol has increased in the Nordic countries during recent years, above all in terms of cross‐border trade. This implies that trends and levels of per capita consumption would look different without estimates of this source of alcohol, estimates that in Sweden and other countries are made through surveys.
Aim The overall aim is to analyse the validity of Swedish survey estimates...
Background Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in primary care settings is used increasingly as a standard method of delivering treatment for heroin users. It has been shown to reduce criminal activity and incarceration over periods of periods of 12 months or less; however, little is known about the effect of this treatment over longer durations.
Aims To examine the association between treatment...
Women and men may respond differently to the effects of stimulants such as amphetamine and cocaine.
Aim In order to assess potential sex differences in the reinforcing effects of d‐amphetamine, a retrospective‐analysis was conducted on data collected from three studies that employed similar d‐amphetamine self‐administration procedures and used identical subject‐rated drug‐effect measures.
Methods ...
Objectives Direct and mediated associations between subjective social status (SSS), a subjective measure of socio‐economic status, and smoking abstinence were examined during the period of acute withdrawal among a diverse sample of 421 smokers (33% Caucasian, 34% African American, 33% Latino) undergoing a quit attempt.
Methods Logistic regressions examined relations between SSS and abstinence, controlling...
Introduction This study used nursing triage text to detect drug‐ and alcohol‐related emergency department (ED) presentations and describe their patient and service delivery characteristics.
Methods Data were reviewed for all ED presentations from 2004 to 2006 (n = 263 937) from two hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Each record included two nursing triage free‐text fields, which were searched for more...
Background Standardized death rates from chronic liver diseases (CLDs) in Hungary are much higher than the European Union average. Carrying the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B 48His allele (rs1229984 or ADH1B*2) could decrease the risk of alcoholism, but with persistent drinking may confer a greater risk of CLDs. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of this polymorphism in the Hungarian population...
Aims To review the evidence on the effectiveness of harm reduction interventions involving the provision of sterile injecting equipment in the prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among injecting drug users (IDUs). The interventions assessed were needle and syringe programmes (NSP), alternative modes of needle/syringe provision (pharmacies, vending...
Aims To present and evaluate a measurement tool for assessing characteristics of people with drug and/or alcohol problems for triage and evaluation in treatment. Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE) is composed of 10 modules, selected on the basis of a detailed set of specifications. Conceptually, the MATE was constructed according to the ICD and International Classification...
Aims To determine the comparative levels of violent offending and victimization among regular methamphetamine and heroin users.
Design Cross‐sectional
Setting Sydney, Australia.
Participants A total of 400 regular methamphetamine (METH) and heroin (HER) users (118 methamphetamine users: METH; 161 regular heroin users: HER; 121 regular users of both: BOTH).
Findings Eighty‐two per cent reported...
Aim Visual probe tasks are often used to measure attentional bias (AB) towards alcohol‐related images in drinkers, but little is known about the effect of the properties of the images used in this task: specifically, image complexity.
Methods AB was examined in a group of adult drinkers (n = 25). Two measures of attentional bias were obtained from a modified visual probe task. First, a traditional...