Addiction
Aims To explore service provision and the range of problems that New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (VIC) community pharmacists providing opioid substitution treatment (OST) have experienced with clients and prescribers.
Design Cross‐sectional postal survey.
Setting All community pharmacies providing OST in NSW (n = 593) and VIC (n = 393), Australia.
Participants Completed questionnaires were...
Aims To describe 4‐year treatment retention and treatment response among chronic, treatment‐resistant heroin‐dependent patients offered long‐term heroin‐assisted treatment (HAT) in the Netherlands.
Design Observational cohort study.
Setting and intervention Out‐patient treatment in specialized heroin treatment centres in six cities in the Netherlands, with methadone plus injectable or inhalable...
Aim To identify alcohol biomarker and psychometric measures that relate to drivers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) patterns from ignition interlock devices (IIDs).
Design, setting, participants, measurements In Alberta, Canada, 534 drivers, convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), installed IIDs and agreed to participate in a research study. IID BAC tests are an established...
Background Although previous studies indicate that people with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are more likely to become cigarette smokers, IQ scores of siblings discordant for smoking and of adolescents who began smoking between ages 18–21 years have not been studied systematically.
Methods Each year a random sample of Israeli military recruits complete a smoking questionnaire. Cognitive...
Aims This report argues that the growing involvement of the alcohol industry in scientific research needs to be acknowledged and addressed. It suggests a set of principles to guide ethical decision‐making in the future.
Methods We review relevant issues with regard to relationships between the alcohol industry and the international academic community, especially alcohol research scientists. The...
Aims To replicate the finding that there is a single dimension trait in alcohol use disorders and to test whether the usual 5+ drinks for men and 4+ drinks for women and other measures of alcohol consumption help to improve alcohol use disorder criteria in a series of diverse patients from emergency departments (EDs) in four countries.
Design Cross‐sectional surveys of patients aged 18 years and...
Introduction The aim of this trial was to compare lorazepam with non‐benzodiazepine medications such as pregabalin and tiapride in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). These drugs were chosen for their inhibitorial effects on the hypersecretion of neurotransmitters usually observed in AWS. Craving reduction and improvement of psychiatric symptoms were the secondary end‐points.
Methods ...
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks occur among injecting drug users (IDUs), but where HIV is low insight is required into the future risk of increased transmission. The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV prevalence among IDUs is explored to determine whether HCV prevalence could indicate HIV risk.
Methods Systematic review of IDU HIV/HCV prevalence data and...
Objectives To review systematically the evidence on opioid substitution treatment (OST) in prisons in reducing injecting‐related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviours.
Methods Systematic review in accordance with guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Electronic databases were searched to identify studies of prison‐based opioid substitution treatment programmes that included assessment...
The Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia (CARBC) was established as a multi‐campus and multi‐disciplinary research centre administered by the University of Victoria (UVic) in late 2003. Its core funding is provided from interest payments on an endowment of CAD$10.55 million. It is supported by a commitment to seven faculty appointments in various departments at UVic. The Centre has two...
Aims The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action‐tendencies to approach alcohol can be modified, and whether this affects drinking behaviour.
Design and participants Forty‐two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly to a condition in which they were implicitly trained to avoid or to approach alcohol, using a training variety of the alcohol Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants...
Aims To examine the effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, dependence and abstinence.
Design Randomized, parallel arm, semi‐blinded study.
Setting University of Minnesota Tobacco Use Research Center.
Interventions Six weeks of: (i) 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; (ii) 0.3 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; or (iii) 4 mg nicotine lozenge; 6 weeks of follow‐up...
Aim This study examined how community alcohol outlet density may be associated with drinking among youths.
Methods Longitudinal data were collected from 1091 adolescents (aged 14–16 at baseline) recruited from 50 zip codes in California with varying levels of alcohol outlet density and median household income. Hierarchical linear models were used to examine the associations between zip code alcohol...
Aims To assess the cost‐effectiveness of the CARE‐SHAKTI harm reduction intervention for injecting drug users (IDUs) over a 3‐year period, the impact on the cost‐effectiveness of stopping after 3 years and how the cost‐effectiveness might vary with baseline human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence.
Design Economic cost data were collected from the study site and combined with impact estimates...