Floodwater resource utilization, a new term or concept was proposed in the early 21st century in China, and has been practiced over the past 20 years in order to adapt to the uncertain effects of climate change on regional droughts and water scarcity. The applications shown that the effect was good and necessary to alleviate the regional water shortage. This special thematic issue collected 14 articles covering three continents—Asia, America and Europe in term of research area, which come down to basic concepts, evaluation methods, utilization models and usable patterns and so on. Through this thematic issue, the lessons, experiences, and achievements on floodwater resources utilization achieved mainly in China can be shared with world audiences, especially to regions affected by the monsoon climate, with similar hydrologic characteristics and water resource needs as in China.