Methods for innovative transformation of railway power supply systems are analyzed. It is shown that modern intelligent power networks represent a new quality of a mutually integrated architecture of a distributed computer environment for the control of power supply and the topology of a traction power network, which are oriented towards the accumulation of new knowledge and optimization of energy resources. To synthesize mathematical models for investigating intelligent systems, a graph of a distributed computer environment is proposed, which adequately reflects the topology of a railway power grid. The paper also proposes a differential mathematical model of a distributed computer environment of intellectualization of procedures for all-mode control of power supply and methods for determining the probabilities of states of nodes, throughput, number of busy channels, and number of failures of requests for service.