The introduction of perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) resuled in a significant change in vitreoretinal surgery. Even complicated retinal detachments could be treated reliably and successfully. The combination of vitrectomy with the use of PFCL was one of the decisive factors for the continuing success of pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) in addition to technical refinements. The PFCLs have become an established part of vitreoretinal surgery due to their wide range of application and the positive intraoperative influence. When applied correctly and intelligently, PFCL can serve as the third hand of a retinal surgeon. Contrary to the widespread scepticism, the currently discussed toxicity of PFCL is negligible for short-term use.