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Ice nucleation active bacteria belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Erwinia contribute to frost damage to plants by initiating the formation of ice in plants that would otherwise supercool and avoid the damaging ice formation. The biological control of frost injury can be achieved by the application of non-ice nucleation active bacteria to the plant surfaces before they become colonized...
l-Carnitine, a quaternary ammonium compound, plays an important role in Β-oxidation of fatty acids in mammals. The increasing demand for this compound in medicine has led to the development of numerous procedures for l-carnitine production. This review discusses the possibilities of microbial and enzymatical synthesis of l-carnitine and gives an overview on the pathways of l-carnitine metabolism and...
Because of the large number of applications of starter bacteria in the food industry, it is important to obtain stable, highly viable bacterial cultures. This review describes the possibilities of producing these cultures in a dried form. Freeze-drying is economically unattractive for producing large quantities of dried bacteria. Therefore, three convective drying methods are emphasized: spray drying,...
The efficient control of bioreactor systems is becoming more and more important due to the recent significant development in biotechnology, computer science and knowledge engineering. Here, the current status of the efficient control strategies for bioreactor systems are investigated together with the related areas of sensor technology, optimization, and state and parameter estimation.
Oxidases can be used with a hydrogen peroxide electrode to construct amperometric biosensors for determination of various analytes, including substrates, cofactors, prosthetic groups, inhibitors, activators, enzyme activities, as well as antigens/antibodies. This chapter reviews the principle and technology of hydrogen peroxide-based biosensors and the techniques for enzyme immobilization. Methods...
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