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The paper describes lessons learned in the development of EUROHELP, a shell for building intelligent help systems (IHS) for users of conventional software applications (IPS). The functional decomposition was derived from a model of process control from the KADS methodology for knowledge engineering. The ambition of EUROHELP was to provide the technology for making IHS for any IPS. This required to...
Until the late 1980s, ITS research proceeded in a harmonious way, with almost universal agreement within the community about the nature of human knowledge and learning. With the rise of situated cognition theories, considerable confusion has developed about theories of intelligence, when and how formal subject matter theories should be taught, and the relation of instructional technology to human...
In this paper, we describe computer environments designed or used to assist learning in discrete probability theory: some with no ‘intelligence’, some with a lot. The degree of assistance ranges from a sophisticated dumb tool to a general problem solver. The main difference between the environments lies in the division of quality and quantity of work between the user and the computer. This leads to...
The mental model-based learning environment, PETAL, externalizes mental models for generating recursive programs into Programming Environment Tools (PETs). Such externalization supports cognitive and meta-cognitive problem-solving activity. PETs seem to help students internalize concepts, organize relevant knowledge, and lead to improved learning. The paper describes an empirical study to evaluate...
Résumé STUDIA est un STI dans le domaine des techniques statistiques, destiné à des étudiants et utilisé dans le cadre d'un enseignement à l'Université de Paris-Nanterre. Ce système repose sur la mise en œuvre d'un modèle de dialogue structuré de façon hiérarchique autour de négociations ayant trait à l'acquisition des connaissances. Pour mener à bien ces négociations, des stratégies coopératives...
We introduce an interactive environment in which the learner can manipulate objects at different levels of abstraction. Physical, Intentional and Functional worlds (PIF) are represented in an interrelated fashion, allowing the student to freely pass between these domains in problem-solving situations. In particular, in a troubleshooting application the system can force the learner to organize his...
This paper describes a problem solving model and a problem explanation facility. Mastering the use of a solution method plays a crucial role in the progress of human problem solving capability. Our research aims at accomplishing an ITS which assists a student to master the use of a solution method. A student who can solve an example problem cannot always solve any exercise problems. Thus it becomes...
Non-native speakers of English often have trouble with the correct use of articles in English. The rules found in grammar texts are based on typical usage and are often incomplete, too specialised, and riddled with exceptions. Because it is difficult to remember all the rules, people memorise a few basic rules and try to generalise to all situations. This paper deals with the implementation of Fawlty,...
The GDT approach proposed by Elsom-Cook for merging the Learning Environments (LE) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) approaches is set against the background of Karl Popper's epistemology. Popper's distinction between World 1 (the world of physical objects), World 2 (the world of psychological “production”), and World 3 (the world of the “products” of thought, or “objective knowledge”) is used...
Reasoning-congruent representations help novices learn about the behavior of objects in a domain and provide a more profitable way for students to plan and implement solutions. We describe the use of visual representations in GIL, a tutor for LISP programming, and examine how this system implements the goals of a reasoning-congruent representation.
A computer simulation of a physical system designed to embody the concept of linear function, in combination with several symbolic representations, has been developed for the investigation of students' understanding of the concepts of variables and functions. The computer simulation grounds learning about symbolic representations of function in students' intuitive understanding of the functional relations...
This paper describes an intelligent learning environment based on multiple models, both quantitative and qualitative, of a complex physical system. A trainee can learn the use of multiple models, in reasoning about the behaviour of the system, through a process of cognitive apprenticeship. The trainee can solve problems or observe the expert demonstrate problem solving using multiple models, switching...
This paper presents a direct manipulation environment for learning intelligent tutoring systems. The environment provides views of internal states of a intelligent tutoring system and facilities for manipulating the states in order to study structures and functions of constituents of ITS. The target users of the learning environment are school teachers, students of AI courses and ITS researchers....
In this paper, an ITS-DIITS, which helps student to learn calculus, is introduced as a prototype. The whole tutoring procedure of DIITS is divided into three phases: basic, advanced and exploratory exercise. In different phrases, the system provides problems embodying skills or strategies of different levels and allows operations of corresponding levels for student to use. When the student solves...
This paper describes a knowledge-based architecture, called curriculum tree, for building intelligent tutoring systems. Primarily based on the subject domain knowledge structure, the architecture naturally incorporates the global curriculum planning and monitors the local learning activities. The curriculum tree can also be viewed as a structure of various teaching knowledge at different stages of...
Résumé DIGITEF est un projet de système de formation développé par l'entreprise Aérospatiale, en collaboration avec le laboratoire API. Ce projet est articulé selon deux axes principaux: l'élaboration d'une structure évolutive de logiciel éducatif, la définition d'un environnement de production d'applications éducatives. Dans ce cadre, cet article se propose de montrer en quoi certains...
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