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The present prolegomena consist, as all indeed do, in a critical discussion serving to introduce and interpret the extended works that follow in this book. As a result, the book is not a mere collection of excellent papers in their own specialty, but provides also the basics of the motivation, background history, important themes, bridges to other areas, and a common technical platform of the principal...
We suggest a general logical formalism for Logic Programming (called a biconsequence relation) based on a four-valued inference. We show that it forms a proper setting for representing logic programs of a most general kind and for describing logics and semantics that characterize their behavior. In this way we also extend the connection between Logic and Logic Programming beyond positive programs...
This paper relates inference in extended logic programming with nonclassical, nonmonotonic logics. We define a nonmonotonic logic, called equilibrium logic, based on the least constructive extension, N2, of the intermediate logic of “here-and-there”. We show that on logic programs equilibrium logic coincides with the inference operation associated with the stable model and answer set semantics of...
Set-grouping and aggregation are powerful non-monotonic operations of practical interest in database query languages. We consider the problem of expressing aggregation via negation as failure (NF). We study this problem in the framework of partial-order clauses introduced in [JOM95]. We show a translation of partial-order programs to normal programs that is very natural: Any costmonotonic partial-order...
The purpose of this paper is to argue that nonmonotonic reasoning in general can be viewed as monotonic inferences constrained by a simple notion of priority constraint. More important, these type of constrained inferences can be specified in a knowledge representation language where a theory consists of a collection of logic programming-like rules and a priority constraint among them: that the application...
In the recent literature the issue of program change via updating rules (also known as revision rules) has been reduced to the issue of obtaining a new set of models, by means of the update rules, from each of the models of an initial program. Any program whose models are exactly the new set of models will count as an update of the original program. Following the classical approaches to theory updating,...
In this paper we propose a modal approach for reasoning about actions in a logic programming framework. We introduce a modal language which makes use of abductive assumptions to deal with persistency, and provides a solution to the ramification problem, by allowing one-way “causal rules” to be defined among fluents. We define the abductive semantics of the language and a goal directed abductive...
This paper presents an update rule language whose semantics is defined using a slight modification of the well founded semantics. This language is compared with revision programs proposed by Marek and Truszczynski in [MT95, MT94]. The relationships existing between revised databases and updated databases extend those previously established between stable and well founded models.
We present a bottom-up algorithm for the computation of the well-founded model of non-disjunctive logic programs. Our method is based on the elementary program transformations studied by Brass and Dix [6, 7]. However, their “residual program” can grow to exponential size, whereas for function-free programs our “program remainder” is always polynomial in the size, i.e. the number of tuples, of the...
Impressive work has been done in the last years concerning the meaning of negation and disjunction in logic programs, but most of this research concentrated on propositional programs only. While it suffices to consider the propositional case for investigating general properties and the overall behaviour of a semantics, we feel that for real applications and for computational purposes an implementation...
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