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As the 21st century begins we are witnessing a paradigm shift in medical practice. Whereas the use of polymers in biomedical materials applications -- for example, as prostheses, medical devices, contact lenses, dental materials and pharmaceutical excipients -- is long established, polymer-based medicines have only recently entered routine clinical practice [1, 2,3,4]. Importantly, many of the innovative...
Polymeric drugs are defined as polymers that are active pharmaceutical ingredients, i.e., they are neither drug carriers nor prodrugs. In general, the underlying concept behind these therapeutic agents is the utilization of high molecular weight and functional characteristics of polymers to selectively recognize, sequester, and remove low molecular weight and macromolecular disease causing species...
Domino dendrimers have recently been developed and introduced as a potential platform for a single triggered multi-prodrug. Surprisingly, three independent groups reported similar concepts almost simultaneously. These unique structural dendrimers can release all of their tail units, through a domino-like chain fragmentation, which is initiated by a single cleavage at the dendrimer's core. This chapter...
The high potential of peptides and proteins as therapeutic agents has not been fully exploited because of their common shortcomings: the only exist for a short lifetime in the body, they degrade easily in vivo and in vitro, and they cause immunological reactions. Among several proposed solutions, PEGylation, the covalent modification using polyethylene-glycol (PEG), has achieved interesting results,...
The use of polymers as synthetic non-viral carriers for introducing nucleic acids into cells appears very appealing. Polymers can be generated in large quantities in chemically defined, non-antigenic and non-immunogenic form. A plethora of different chemical structures and polymer sizes may be applied to tailor-made polymers with optimized characteristics for the extracellular delivery of nucleic...
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