Undoubtedly, language is among the most celebrated hallmarks of human cognition. Even though we perceive, produce, and comprehend language, and do so seemingly effortlessly every day of our lives, the underlying neural mechanisms for language remain far from understood. With the cognitive revolution of the last century, it became a common viewpoint that language is a modular system segregated from other functional systems in the nervous system. This notion combined with the findings from neuropsychological “lesion analysis” studies from earlier research led to the notion that these modules are instantiated in localized brain regions of the left inferior frontal, temporal and inferior parietal regions of the human brain. The most commonly cited characterization of this system, sometimes referred to as the Broca-Wernicke-Geschwind model, is represented by the iconic diagram of a white matter pathway (the arcuate fasciclus; AF) connecting the posterior superior temporal region (“Wernicke’s area”) involved in receptive language to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (“Broca’s area”) involved in expressive language (Fig. 1A).