It is estimated that 20–50% of crops are saved from infestation through the use of pesticides. However, US inspectors find that more than 4% of fruits and vegetables imported exceed concentration levels considered safe for human consumption. This represents millions of tons of food brought to market annually that cannot be inspected using current hour-long laboratory methods. In an effort to provide inspectors with a simple, fast, field-usable analyzer and method, we have been developing a sampling device that includes surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect, identify, and quantify pesticides below part-per-million (μg/mL) concentrations in approximately 10 min using a portable Raman analyzer. The entire method, including solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction, and SERS-detection, was used to detect 50 parts-per-billion (ppb) Chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) artificially added to orange juice in 12 min. The same method and analyzer can be readily adapted to other pesticides and foods.